Power-to-heat plants in district heating and electricity distribution systems: A techno-economic analysis

Evaluation of a water network’s energy potential in dynamic operation

“…Kılkıs [23] suggests a method to improve urban system performance including heat recovery from drinking water system. The energy recovered using a heat pump can then be distributed through an urban heating network [24]. The use of a heat pump using drinking water as a heat source has been investigated in the Netherlands by Blokker et al [25], in Italy by De Pasquale et al [26], in Denmark by Hubeck-Graudal et al [27], and in Poland by Piotr and Elżbieta [28].…”

The impact of cogeneration plant and a storage tank in a district heating system

“…Investigated systems are placed in different countries from Europe and Asia like Italy [13,14], Germany [11,12,15], Belgium [16], Spain [4], Poland [8], Finland [17], and China [6,18].…”

“…Most studies refer to district heating but some investigations approach small-size systems such as residential houses [9,20] or domestic hot water [10]. In the context of different sizes of heating systems, the volume of WST can vary from hundreds of liters [9,10] to tens of cubic meters [4], to hundreds of cubic meters [14], or to thousands of cubic meters [7,11,13].…”