Power variations of wireless communication systems

Andersen, Jørgen Bach; Mogensen, Preben; Pedersen, Gert Frølund

doi:10.1002/bem.20569

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The simulation of the RF EMR of mobile telephony includes the analysis of one or several different antennas emitting RF EMR, which would be difficult or impossible to research in normal conditions, using their emission models [43,44,45]. The simulation must evaluate parameters such as the radiation diagram (direction) of the antenna for mobile telephony, amplification, polarization, power, frequency, landscape openness, land relief, the height of buildings, the distance between buildings, the angle of the direction of the dispersed signal, the impact of signal diffraction on rooftops and reflections, the operating wavelength, and other factors [46,47,48,49,50].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Technical Approach to the Evaluation of Radiofrequency Radiation Emissions from Mobile Telephony Base Stations

Buckus

Strukčinskienė

Raistenskis

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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During the last two decades, the number of macrocell mobile telephony base station antennas emitting radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic radiation (EMR) in residential areas has increased significantly, and therefore much more attention is being paid to RF EMR and its effects on human health. Scientific field measurements of public exposure to RF EMR (specifically to radio frequency radiation) from macrocell mobile telephony base station antennas and RF electromagnetic field (EMF) intensity parameters in the environment are discussed in this article. The research methodology is applied according to the requirements of safety norms and Lithuanian Standards in English (LST EN). The article presents and analyses RF EMFs generated by mobile telephony base station antennas in areas accessible to the general public. Measurements of the RF electric field strength and RF EMF power density were conducted in the near- and far-fields of the mobile telephony base station antenna. Broadband and frequency-selective measurements were performed outside (on the roof and on the ground) and in a residential area. The tests performed on the roof in front of the mobile telephony base station antennas in the near-field revealed the presence of a dynamic energy interaction within the antenna electric field, which changes rapidly with distance. The RF EMF power density values on the ground at distances of 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 m from the base station are very low and are scattered within intervals of 0.002 to 0.05 μW/cm2. The results were compared with international exposure guidelines (ICNIRP).

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Technical Approach to the Evaluation of Radiofrequency Radiation Emissions from Mobile Telephony Base Stations

Buckus

Strukčinskienė

Raistenskis

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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“…WCDMA terminals use rapid output power regulation at a rate of 1500 Hz, which ensures that sufficient power is used for the required quality of service while at the same time keeping interference to other users as low as possible by not using more power than necessary [Holma and Toskala, 2001; Andersen et al, 2010]. The maximum output power for WCDMA terminals is 24 dBm (250 mW) and the output power can be downregulated to −50 dBm (0.01 µW).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Output power distributions of terminals in a 3G mobile communication network

Persson

Törnevik

Larsson

et al. 2011

Bioelectromagnetics

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The objective of this study was to examine the distribution of the output power of mobile phones and other terminals connected to a 3G network in Sweden. It is well known that 3G terminals can operate with very low output power, particularly for voice calls. Measurements of terminal output power were conducted in the Swedish TeliaSonera 3G network in November 2008 by recording network statistics. In the analysis, discrimination was made between rural, suburban, urban, and dedicated indoor networks. In addition, information about terminal output power was possible to collect separately for voice and data traffic. Information from six different Radio Network Controllers (RNCs) was collected during at least 1 week. In total, more than 800000 h of voice calls were collected and in addition to that a substantial amount of data traffic. The average terminal output power for 3G voice calls was below 1 mW for any environment including rural, urban, and dedicated indoor networks. This is <1% of the maximum available output power. For data applications the average output power was about 6-8 dB higher than for voice calls. For rural areas the output power was about 2 dB higher, on average, than in urban areas.

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“…The TDMA allows several phones to simultaneously use the same base station, and the signal is sent in pulses with a basic repetition frequency of 217 Hz, but with the 26 th pulse idle grouping 26 pulses together to give an ELF frequency of around 8 Hz. The DTX mode in the listen mode introduces a 2 Hz mode to this; see further Andersen et al [2010].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A spectrum analyzer (Rohde & Schwarz, Munich, Germany) was also used, see further Figure 1, for the measurement of the burst. For further details regarding the measurement see Andersen et al [2010].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Is there any exposure from a mobile phone in stand-by mode?

Mild

Andersen

Pedersen

2012

Electromagnetic Biology and Medicine

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Several studies have been using a GSM mobile phone in stand-by mode as the source for exposure, and they claimed that this caused effects on for instance sleep and testicular function.In stand-by mode the phone is only active in periodic location updates, and this occurs with a frequency set by the net operator. Typical updates occur with 2-5 hours in between, and between these updates the phone is to be considered as a passive radio receiver with no microwave emission. Thus, the exposure in stand-by mode can be considered negligible.

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Power variations of wireless communication systems

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

A Technical Approach to the Evaluation of Radiofrequency Radiation Emissions from Mobile Telephony Base Stations

A Technical Approach to the Evaluation of Radiofrequency Radiation Emissions from Mobile Telephony Base Stations

Output power distributions of terminals in a 3G mobile communication network

Is there any exposure from a mobile phone in stand-by mode?

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