PP in 3D Printing - Technical and Economic Aspects

Abstract

FDM is 3D printing technology using mainly PLA and ABS as filament materials. PP has close characteristics to PLA and, due to that, is a potential material for for deposition. Paper aims to analyse the behaviour of PP during heating cycle specific to 3D printing process. Macroscopic and microscopic analysis of the deposited strings have been performed. They revealed less stiffness of the PP deposition comparing to PLA, which is due to the lower viscosity of PP. DSC Thermal analysis has been done at it revealed a 30% higher heat flux in PP comparing to PLA and that increases its fluidity. It was recorded a difference between the elongation viscosity of the PP filament and the PP deposited by FDM process. After 5s the deposited PP proves higher values for the elongation viscosity. Dynamic shear rheology measurements the was applied on samples deformed under 210 kN at 190oC. It has been found that the PP requires lower storage energy and that means that it has a lower viscosity for the entire range of applied frequencies. In the same time, the complex viscosities prove different behavior. To improve the control of the deposition shape, it is necessary to reduce the extrusion temperature with 4-5%. That leads to economy in power consumption.

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“…Transparent for microwaves are most of the polymer types. No polymer can perform an appropriate function as protective panel due to its critical temperatures (glassy and melting and thermal degradation) which are lower [ 34 , 35 ] than the temperatures produced and radiated from the heating chamber the temperatures of the microwave plasma produced in the heating chamber.…”

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“…In order to obtain best exposure of the samples to the direct microwave beam, the samples were lifted by 7 mm from the bottom of the heating chamber. The ceramic support for RT samples does not absorb and convert microwaves into heat, being neutral to microwaves [86][87][88]. Due to low frequency of microwave generator, the coupling process in microwave heating does not dissipate the power in an efficient way at room temperature.…”

“…In terms of optimization of the direct microwave heating process, the calculation of the minimum impedance of electrical circuit and maximization of transferred power from microwave generator to RT samples has led to the following balance power chart (see Figure 7a,b). The theoretical approach of the simulation of the thermal field started from the equations of heat transfer in solid materials [49,87].…”

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