PPG/ECG Multisite Combo System Based on SiPM Technology

Abstract

Two versions of a PPG/ECG combined system have been realized and tested. In a first version a multisite system has been equipped by integrating 3 PPG optodes and 3 ECG leads, whereas in another setup a portable version has been carried out. Both versions have been realized by equipping the optical probes with SiPM detectors. SiPM technology is expected to bring relevant advantages in PPG systems and overcome the limitations of physiological information extracted by state of the art PPG, such as poor sensitivity of detectors used for backscattered light detection and motion artifacts seriously affecting the measurements repeatability and pulse waveform stability. This contribution presents the intermediate results of development in the frame of the European H2020-ECSEL Project ASTONISH (n.692470), including SiPM based PPG optodes, and the acquisition electronic components used for simultaneous recording of both PPG/ECG signals. The accurate monitoring of dynamic changes of physiological data through a non-invasive integrated system, including hemodynamic parameters (e.g. heart rate, tissue perfusion etc.) and heart electrical activity can play an important role in a wide variety of applications (e.g. healthcare, fitness and cardiovascular disease). In this work we describe also a method to process PPG waveform according to a PPG process pipeline for pattern recognition. Some examples of PPG waveform signal analysis and the preliminary results of acquisitions obtained through the intermediate demonstrator systems have been reported.

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“…In this setup, in the driving range 0-3 V, the device had a maximum photon detection efficiency (PDE) of approximately 29.4% The implemented sensing device was comprised of the following two main components: a silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) detector and two LED photon emitters. The SiPM detector used in our system was produced by STMicroelectronics (Catania, Italy) [11][12][13][14][15] and featured a total area of 4.0 × 4.5 mm 2 and 4871 square microcells with 60 µm of pitch. It had a geometrical fill factor of 67.4% and was packaged in a surface mount housing (SMD) of 5.1 × 5.1 mm 2 total area [15][16][17].…”

“…The SiPM detector used in our system was produced by STMicroelectronics (Catania, Italy) [11][12][13][14][15] and featured a total area of 4.0 × 4.5 mm 2 and 4871 square microcells with 60 µm of pitch. It had a geometrical fill factor of 67.4% and was packaged in a surface mount housing (SMD) of 5.1 × 5.1 mm 2 total area [15][16][17]. A Pixelteq dichroic bandpass filter (Bryan Dairy Rd, Largo, FL, USA) centered at 542 nm (full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 70 nm, and optical transmission higher than 90% in the pass band range) was glued on the SMD package using 352TM adhesive (Loctite ® , Milan, Italy).…”

“…Furthermore, a dichroic filter for reducing the absorption of environmental light by more than 60% in the linear operation range was included. As emitter, we proposed the use of two LT M673 LEDs (OSRAM, Milan, Italy) based on InGaN technology (in SMD package) emitting at 873 nm and used as optical light sources [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The LEDs had an area of 2.3 × 1.5 mm 2 , a viewing angle of 120 • , and typical power emission of a few mW in the standard operation range [15][16][17].…”

“…There are more details provided in [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. at 565 nm and approximately 27.4% at 540 nm (central wavelength in the filter pass band).…”

“…As emitter, we proposed the use of two LT M673 LEDs (OSRAM, Milan, Italy) based on InGaN technology (in SMD package) emitting at 873 nm and used as optical light sources [11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. The LEDs had an area of 2.3 × 1.5 mm 2 , a viewing angle of 120°, and typical power emission of a few mW in the standard operation range [15][16][17]. There are more details provided in [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”