Practical approach to COVID-19: an Egyptian pediatric consensus

Mostafa, Abla S.; Abdalbaky, Ashraf; Fouda, Eman; Shaaban, Hala; Elnady, Hala G.; Hassab-Allah, Magda; Rashad, Mohamed M.; Attar, Mona Mohsen El; Alfishawy, Mostafa; Hussien, Shahenaz M.; Hamed, Tarek; Hamed, Dina H.; Sarhan, Dina T.

doi:10.1186/s43054-020-00037-9

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…According to WHO and NICE guidelines, patients with mild or moderate symptoms are not encouraged for antibiotic use unless showing signs of secondary bacterial pneumonia 10,15,21 . Therefore, COVID‐19 patients could be managed according to recommendation for antibiotic use of CAP guidelines, however, this widespread of azithromycin and other broad‐spectrum antibiotics is highly concerning and not supported by scientific evidence till now 22 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic misuse and compliance with infection control measures during COVID‐19 pandemic in community pharmacies in Egypt

Elsayed

Darwish

Zewail

et al. 2021

Int J Clinical Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Globally, antibiotics misuse by the public has been reported in the era of COVID‐19, despite the discouraging instructions of the World Health Organization, especially for mild cases. Objective Is to describe this antibiotic misuse and its contributing factors. Also, to measure the pharmacists' application of infection preventive practices during the pandemic. Methods A cross‐sectional study was conducted among randomly selected Egyptian community pharmacists (Center, East, Delta, and Upper Egypt) using a questionnaire and direct interviews from 1 to 30 August 2020. The questionnaire consisted of two parts, the first covered pharmacist's demographic data and their application of basic infection preventive practices (eg, wearing face masks, regular hand sanitization, etc), and the other part was related to antibiotic dispensing patterns. Data were descriptively analyzed and the impact of participant experience on the responses was evaluated using the χ2 test. Results From 480 randomly selected Egyptian community pharmacists, 413 (87%) consented to participate in the study. 86.7% of the participants were keen to wear face masks (n = 358) and 86.2% kept regular hand sanitization (n = 356); whereas, 46.9% (n = 194) maintained adequate antibiotic stock supply during the pandemic. Nearly 67% (n = 275) of the pharmacists reported that patients were more likely to be given antibiotics for showing any sign or symptom of COVID‐19 infection, and 82% (n = 74 278) of the dispensed antibiotics were given upon physician recommendation. Azithromycin, Ceftriaxone, and Linezolid were the major antibiotics dispensed to COVID‐19 presumptive patients Azithromycin was given to ~40% of presumptive patients showing only mild or moderate symptoms for 5‐10 days. Additionally, antibiotic combinations were given to 74% (n = 62 479) of home‐isolated patients for a maximum of 2 weeks. Conclusions Pharmacists applied suitable sanitation and infection control protocols. Meanwhile, antibiotics were dispensed heavily during this pandemic without proper clinical indication and for long durations supporting the idea of antibiotic misuse.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic misuse and compliance with infection control measures during COVID‐19 pandemic in community pharmacies in Egypt

Elsayed

Darwish

Zewail

et al. 2021

Int J Clinical Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…According to this theory, the relatively low rates of COVID-19 infections and mortalities in Egypt may be partially attributed to the country's early intake of BCG vaccination ( Medhat and El Kassas, 2020 ). Mostafa et al (2020) found that breast milk samples from the COVID-19–positive mothers after the first lactation were negative for the virus. The authors stated that breastfeeding is effective against infectious diseases because it strengthens the immune system by transferring antibodies from the mother and other anti-infective factors; therefore, all confirmed or suspected COVID-19 mothers with any symptoms should follow standard infant feeding guidelines with appropriate precautions ( Breastfeeding Advice during the COVID-19 outbreak, n.d. ).…”

Section: Covid-19 Morbidity Mortality and Associated Risk Factors In Egyptmentioning

confidence: 97%

Global data analysis and risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality of COVID-19

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review was focused on global data analysis and risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 from different countries, including Bangladesh, Brazil, China, Central Eastern Europe, Egypt, India, Iran, Pakistan, and South Asia, Africa, Turkey and UAE. Male showed higher confirmed and death cases compared to females in most of the countries. In addition, the case fatality ratio (CFR) for males was higher than for females. This gender variation in COVID-19 cases may be due to males' cultural activities, but similar variations in the number of COVID-19 affected males and females globally. Variations in the immune system can illustrate this divergent risk comparatively higher in males than females. The female immune system may have an edge to detect pathogens slightly earlier. In addition, women show comparatively higher innate and adaptive immune responses than men, which might be explained by the high density of immune-related genes in the X chromosome. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 viruses use angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to enter the host cell, and men contain higher ACE2 than females. Therefore, males may be more vulnerable to COVID-19 than females. In addition, smoking habit also makes men susceptible to COVID-19. Considering the age-wise distribution, children and older adults were less infected than other age groups and the death rate. On the contrary, more death in the older group may be associated with less immune system function. In addition, most of these group have comorbidities like diabetes, high pressure, low lungs and kidney function, and other chronic diseases. Due to the substantial economic losses and the numerous infected people and deaths, research examining the features of the COVID-19 epidemic is essential to gain insight into mitigating its impact in the future and preparedness for any future epidemics.

show abstract

“…However, these percentages could be underestimated because COVID-19 infection causes many asymptomatic and subclinical cases. 23 Compared to other studies in Egypt, showing the incidence of HCWs infection was 2.37%, 11%, and 13.5% 10,26,27 respectively. Another cross-sectional study in New York City 23 reported a 19.4% infection rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Knowledge of infection prevention and control practices among health care workers caring for patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is increasing rapidly. Hospital acquired infections enhance local outbreaks, impacting the vulnerable populations. Infection prevention and control practices (IPC) refer to all the activities used to reduce the risk of infection spread. This study aims to estimate the proportion of health care workers (HCWs) who acquired SARS-CoV2 infection, and evaluate their knowledge to IPC and suggest recommendations to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV2 infection. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Egypt from June 8, 2020, till August 19, 2020. A purposive sample of 518 HCWs from different governorates was included in the study. HCWs filled a structured questionnaire developed by the World Health Organization on a Google Form and a printed copy. The questionnaire link was shared on social media forums including HCWs such as Facebook. Results: The mean age of HCWs was 33±7 and 65% were males. The majority of health care workers were affiliated with the Ministry of Health and Population (62.5%), recruited from Cairo (52.4%), and were physicians (78.2%). About 11% of the HCWs had been infected with SARS-CoV2. Their mean knowledge percent score regarding IPC was 36.19 ± 11.26. The highest rate of infection was among those with little experience (p=0.002), and those worked inside Cairo (p=0.018). About 89% mentioned that the leading cause of infection with SARS-CoV2 was the shortage in Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). About 42% recommended raising the awareness for the importance of IPC to decrease risk of infection. Conclusions: HCWs had a low score of knowledge toward IPC. There was a considerable proportion of SARS-CoV2 infection among them. Lack of knowledge and shortage of PPE were the contributing factors. It is necessary to provide juniors with IPC training, and hospitals with sufficient PPE.

show abstract

Practical approach to COVID-19: an Egyptian pediatric consensus

Cited by 20 publications

References 6 publications

Antibiotic misuse and compliance with infection control measures during COVID‐19 pandemic in community pharmacies in Egypt

Antibiotic misuse and compliance with infection control measures during COVID‐19 pandemic in community pharmacies in Egypt

Global data analysis and risk factors associated with morbidity and mortality of COVID-19

Knowledge of infection prevention and control practices among health care workers caring for patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19: a cross-sectional study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About