With advancements in industrial manufacturing technology, large components have become increasingly prevalent across energy, transportation, and construction sectors. The quality of welds plays a critical role in ensuring the stability and safety of these components. Ultrasonic nondestructive testing (UT) has emerged as a prominent method for identifying weld defects, praised for its efficiency, safety, and cost-effectiveness. However, the practical application of UT is hampered by the complexity of real-world environments and the prohibitive cost of testing equipment, making hands-on training challenging. Against this backdrop, this study explores the potential of a virtual simulation teaching and training platform for ultrasonic non-destructive testing of weld defects in large components. The platform aims to offer an interactive, cost-effective, and efficient means of enhancing the engineering quality training for welding students.