Practical Mitigation of Passive Intermodulation in Microstrip Circuits

Kozlov, Dmitry; Shitvov, Alexey; Bulja, Senad; Lundy, Ross; Rulikowski, Pawel; Nolan, Kevin; Enright, Ryan

doi:10.1109/temc.2018.2885961

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…In [7], simulations were carried out to validate PIM mitigation methods by introducing a compensation signal or an additional passive PIM source accompanied by a phase shifter. The works in [23] and [24], in turn, seek to suppress PIM by microstrip coating. Recently, Chen et al [8] proposed a tunable nonlinear transmission line strip to cancel PIM.…”

Section: A Prior Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air-Induced Passive Intermodulation in FDD MIMO Systems: Algorithms and Measurements

Lampu

Anttila

Turunen

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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In this article, we model and develop effective cancellation schemes for passive intermodulation (PIM) distortion induced by external objects in the vicinity of the transmitterreferred to as air-induced PIM-in frequency-division duplex (FDD) multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems. PIM is interference generated from the transmitted signals undergoing nonlinear transformation, which, in FDD systems, may cause desensitization of the receiver chain. First, we present a general model of the received air-induced PIM signal, with an arbitrary number of dual-carrier TX chains active and an arbitrary number of PIM sources causing interference, on all the intermodulation frequencies. Then, the derived model is used to develop a cancellation scheme based on a complete set of basis functions (BFs) in a rank-2 dual-carrier MIMO system with four active carriers. To alleviate the high complexity of the aforementioned scheme, we then propose a novel alternative cancellation scheme with much reduced complexity, leveraging on the physical modeling of the system, which is capable of handling any number of PIM sources in the system. RF measurementbased experimentations carried out with real-life equipment evidence excellent cancellation capabilities of the complete BF model, which can be retained with much reduced complexity with the proposed alternative technique.

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Section: A Prior Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air-Induced Passive Intermodulation in FDD MIMO Systems: Algorithms and Measurements

Lampu

Anttila

Turunen

et al. 2023

IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory Techn.

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“…The stringent requirements for the integrity of information signals push the limits of radio frequency (RF) hardware. Weak nonlinearities of passive devices such as antennas, filters, couplers and multiplexers at the RF front-end of the smart multi-radio base stations and user terminals generate spurious emissions, corrupt information signals and debilitate system performance [8][9][10]. Therefore, mitigation of nonlinear signal distortions is a major requirement to dynamically adjustable RF front-ends, their passive components and reconfigurable antennas [11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive Intermodulation at Contacts of Rough Conductors

Dayan

Huang

Schuchinsky

2022

Electronic Materials

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Passive intermodulation (PIM) is a niggling phenomenon that debilitates the performance of modern communications and navigation systems. PIM products interfere with information signals and cause their nonlinear distortion. The sources and basic mechanisms of PIM have been studied in the literature but PIM remains a serious problem of signal integrity. In this paper, the main sources and mechanisms of PIM generation by joints of good conductors are discussed. It is shown that the passive electrical, thermal and mechanical nonlinearities are intrinsically linked despite their distinctively different time scales. The roughness of the contact surfaces plays an important role in PIM generation by conductor joints. A review of the PIM phenomenology at the contacts of the good conductors suggests that novel multiphysics models are necessary for the analysis and reliable prediction of PIM products generated by several concurrent nonlinearities of a diverse physical nature.

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“…This unwanted PIM can be generated by a variety of sources such as metal-metal (MM), metal-insulator-metal (MIM) contact, materials, plating, roughness, and resonator structure etc. [2][3][4]. Many of them have been identified and modelled along the years, yet the physical descriptions of the different sources are quite obscure.…”

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confidence: 99%

Experimental study on the practical mitigation of passive intermodulation for time and temperature in cavity duplexer

Choi

2021

Electronics Letters

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Practical methods to mitigate level and variation of passive intermodulation with respect to time and temperature of coaxial cavity type duplexer are proposed through a variety of experimental results. From the findings derived in this study, a stable passive intermodulation response with less than 1 dB variation was shown in the environment temperature range of −10-85°C. The duplexer with time-stable PIM response at room temperature had a stable PIM value even in the environment temperature range.

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Practical Mitigation of Passive Intermodulation in Microstrip Circuits

Cited by 7 publications

References 32 publications

Air-Induced Passive Intermodulation in FDD MIMO Systems: Algorithms and Measurements

Air-Induced Passive Intermodulation in FDD MIMO Systems: Algorithms and Measurements

Passive Intermodulation at Contacts of Rough Conductors

Experimental study on the practical mitigation of passive intermodulation for time and temperature in cavity duplexer

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