Practicalities of BVID detection on aerospace-grade CFRP materials with optical fibre sensors

Goossens, Sidney; Berghmans, Francis; Khodaei, Zahra Sharif; Lambinet, Florian; Karachalios, Evangelos; Saenz-Castillo, Diego; Geernaert, Thomas

doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2020.113243

Cited by 43 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…For all types of composite laminate stacking sequences, if the damage was not visibly detectable because 5 J and impact indentation depth were less than a given value, this was referred to as barely visible impact damage (BVID). It occurs when blunt objects impact at low velocities; similar findings have been reported in earlier studies [ 39 , 40 ]. In the case of BVID, it is preferable to use non-destructive techniques to detect internal damage that cannot be visually inspected.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

“…In the case of BVID, it is preferable to use non-destructive techniques to detect internal damage that cannot be visually inspected. Several studies have used C-scan [ 41 , 42 ], NDT techniques and numerical simulations [ 43 ], optical fiber sensors [ 40 ], FBG-based sensors [ 44 ], acoustic emission [ 45 ], and guided wave signals [ 46 ] to evaluate and detect BVID in composite laminates. Because of their perforation at 15 J, all the stacking sequences recorded the highest peak load among other levels of impact energy in the same laminate structure ( Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing Impact Energy Absorption, Flexural and Crash Performance Properties of Automotive Composite Laminates by Adjusting the Stacking Sequences Layup

Alshahrani

Ahmed

2021

Polymers

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In response to the high demand for light automotive, manufacturers are showing a vital interest in replacing heavy metallic components with composite materials that exhibit unparalleled strength-to-weight ratios and excellent properties. Unidirectional carbon/epoxy prepreg was suitable for automotive applications such as the front part of the vehicle (hood) due to its excellent crash performance. In this study, UD carbon/epoxy prepreg with 70% and 30% volume fraction of reinforcement and resin, respectively, was used to fabricate the composite laminates. The responses of different three stacking sequences of automotive composite laminates to low-velocity impact damage and flexural and crash performance properties were investigated. Three-point bending and drop-weight impact tests were carried out to determine the flexural modulus, strength, and impact damage behavior of selected materials. Optical microscopy analysis was used to identify the failure modes in the composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and C-scan non-destructive methods were utilized to explore the fractures in the composites after impact tests. Moreover, the performance index and absorbed energy of the tested structures were studied. The results showed that the flexural strength and modulus of automotive composite laminates strongly depended on the stacking sequence. The highest crash resistance was noticed in the laminate with a stacking sequence of [[0, 90, 45, −45]2, 0, 90]S. Therefore, the fabrication of a composite laminate structure enhanced by selected stacking sequences is an excellent way to improve the crash performance properties of automotive composite structures.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Impact Energy Absorption, Flexural and Crash Performance Properties of Automotive Composite Laminates by Adjusting the Stacking Sequences Layup

Alshahrani

Ahmed

2021

Polymers

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“…[ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ]. Such sensors have been widely applied in physical, chemical, and biological applications due to their unique properties (e.g., micro-size, lightweight, flexible, durable, biocompatibility, corrosion resistance, cost-effective, immune to electromagnetic interference) [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. To date, several fiber-optic sensors with different structures have been developed, including photonic crystal fibers [ 10 , 11 ], FBGs [ 12 , 13 ], long-period fiber gratings [ 14 , 15 ], optical microfibers [ 16 ], and tapered optical fibers [ 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Taper-in-Taper Structured Interferometric Optical Fiber Sensor for Cu2+ ion Detection

Gong

Lei

Wang

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Copper ion is closely associated with the ecosystem and human health, and even a little excessive dose in drinking water may result in a range of health problems. However, it remains challenging to produce a highly sensitive, reliable, cost-effective and electromagnetic-interference interference-immune device to detect Cu2+ ion in drinking water. In this paper, a taper-in-taper fiber sensor was fabricated with high sensitivity by mode-mode interference and deposited polyelectrolyte layers for Cu2+ detection. We propose a new structure which forms a secondary taper in the middle of the single-mode fiber through two-arc discharge. Experimental results show that the newly developed fiber sensor possesses a sensitivity of 2741 nm/RIU in refractive index (RI), exhibits 3.7 times sensitivity enhancement when compared with traditional tapered fiber sensors. To apply this sensor in copper ions detection, the results present that when the concentration of Cu2+ is 0–0.1 mM, the sensitivity could reach 78.03 nm/mM. The taper-in-taper fiber sensor exhibits high sensitivity with good stability and mechanical strength which has great potential to be applied in the detection of low Cu2+ ions in some specific environments such as drinking water.

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“…Guided waves can propagate over a long distance in thin-plate structures, which retains a crucial role in the development of structural health monitoring (SHM) and nondestructive evaluation (NDE) systems using piezoelectric wafer active sensors (PWAS) [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. The development of computational models for guided wave interaction with damage is important to the SHM system design and sensing signal interpretation [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Order Wave-Damage Interaction Coefficients (WDIC) Extracted through Modal Decomposition

Mei

Giurgiutiu

2021

Sensors

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This paper presents a new technique for the extraction of high-order wave-damage interaction coefficients (WDIC) through modal decomposition. The frequency and direction dependent complex-valued WDIC are used to model the scattering and mode conversion phenomena of guided wave interaction with damage. These coefficients are extracted from the harmonic analysis of local finite element model (FEM) mesh with non-reflective boundaries (NRB) and they are capable of describing the amplitude and phase of the scattered waves as a function of frequency and direction. To extract the WDIC of each wave mode, all the possible propagating wave modes are considered to be scattered simultaneously from the damage and propagate independently. Formulated in frequency domain, the proposed method is highly efficient, providing an overdetermined equation system for the calculation of mode participation factors, i.e., WDIC of each mode. Case studies in a 6-mm aluminum plate were carried out to validate the WDIC of: (1) a through-thickness hole and (2) a sub-surface crack. At higher frequency, scattered waves of high-order modes will appear and their WDIC can be successfully extracted through the modal decomposition.

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Practicalities of BVID detection on aerospace-grade CFRP materials with optical fibre sensors

Cited by 43 publications

References 47 publications

Enhancing Impact Energy Absorption, Flexural and Crash Performance Properties of Automotive Composite Laminates by Adjusting the Stacking Sequences Layup

Enhancing Impact Energy Absorption, Flexural and Crash Performance Properties of Automotive Composite Laminates by Adjusting the Stacking Sequences Layup

A Taper-in-Taper Structured Interferometric Optical Fiber Sensor for Cu2+ ion Detection

High-Order Wave-Damage Interaction Coefficients (WDIC) Extracted through Modal Decomposition

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