“…There are different variants of the visual-imagery hypothesis, but the general idea is that when participants generate images for both common and bizarre items the images for the bizarre items are visually more distinctive (e.g., Black et al, 2012; Campos et al, 2009; Geraci et al, 2013; McDaniel & Einstein, 1986) or require more transformations in their creation that leads to better encoding for these items and, therefore, greater recall (e.g., Marshall et al, 1979; Wollen & Margres, 1987; see Worthen, 2006, for review). More generally, both ancient and modern writers propose that bizarre imagery enhances memory, and that the result is a bizarre imagery effect (e.g., Black et al, 2012; Burns, 1996; Buzan, 1991; Campos et al, 2008, 2009; Cornoldi et al, 1988; Dalgleish et al, 2013; Lorayne, 2010; Matzen et al, 2016; McDaniel & Einstein, 1986; Yates, 1966).…”