Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Cohen, Judith A.; Bukstein, Oscar; Walter, Henrik; Benson, Scott R.; Chrisman, Allan K.; Farchione, Tiffany; Hamilton, John D.; Keable, Hélène; Kinlan, Joan; Schoettle, Ulrich C.; Siegel, Matthew; Stock, Saundra; Medicus, Jennifer

doi:10.1097/00004583-201004000-00021

Cited by 104 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…The American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry recommends trauma-focused treatment for children with PTSD (Cohen et al, 2010). However, it also seems preferable to target children at risk for PTSD through selective prevention, in particular through intervention in community-based settings (Weisz, Sandler, Durlak, & Anton, 2005).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediators and Treatment Factors in Intervention for Children Exposed to Interparental Violence

Overbeek

Schipper

Willemen

et al. 2015

Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology

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Changes in children's emotion differentiation, coping skills, parenting stress, parental psychopathology, and parent-child interaction were explored as mediators of treatment factors in two selective preventive group interventions for children exposed to interparental violence (IPV) and their parents. One hundred thirty-four IPV-exposed children (ages 6-12 years, 52% boys) and their parents were randomized to an IPV-focused or common factors community-based group intervention and completed baseline, posttest, and follow-up assessments for posttraumatic stress (PTS). A multilevel model tested mediators that included children's ability to differentiate emotions and coping skills, parenting stress, parental psychopathology, and parent-child interactions. In both conditions, exposure to nonspecific factors, specific factors unrelated to IPV and trauma-specific intervention factors was coded from videotaped child and parent sessions. Improved parental mental health mediated the link between greater exposure to nonspecific treatment factors and decreases in PTS symptoms. In addition, an increase in emotion differentiation and a decrease in parenting stress were associated with a decrease in PTS symptoms. Greater exposure to trauma-specific factors in child sessions was associated with a small decrease in emotion differentiation, an increase in coping skills, and a decrease in PTS symptoms over time. Greater exposure to nonspecific treatment factors in child and parent sessions was associated with more positive parent-child interaction. Parental mental health appears to be an important mechanism of change that can be promoted through exposure to nonspecific factors in parent intervention. For children, the effect of greater exposure to trauma-specific factors in intervention is less clear and may not have clear benefits.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediators and Treatment Factors in Intervention for Children Exposed to Interparental Violence

Overbeek

Schipper

Willemen

et al. 2015

Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology

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“…Psychotherapy is first line treatment for complex trauma related symptoms (Cohen et al 2010). There is limited evidence for psychopharmacological treatment for complex trauma or PTSD in children and adolescents; hence medications are considered an adjunct treatment to therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges in Psychopharmacological Management of a Young Child with Multiple Comorbid Disorders, History of Trauma, and Early-Onset Mood Disorder: The Role of Lithium

Deepmala

Coffey

2014

Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology

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“…For children and adolescents with PTSD, trauma-focused psychotherapies that specifically address the child's traumatic experiences should be considered first-line treatments and are superior to nonspecific or nondirective therapies (Cohen et al, 2010). The World Health Organization (2013) recommends the use of traumafocused cognitive behavioural therapy (TF-CBT) and eye-movement desensitisation and reprocessing (EMDR) for these children to overcome their traumatic memories.…”

Section: Untreated Childhood Traumamentioning

confidence: 99%

The Trauma Healing Story. Healing Chronically Traumatised Children Through Their Families/Whanau

Struik

2017

ANZ J of Family Therapy

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Unprocessed trauma can have a devastating impact on all areas of development (Van der Kolk et al., 2009). Chronically traumatised children can be difficult to engage in trauma-focused treatment, especially when they are removed from their families by child protection services feeling blamed and disconnected. They display challenging behaviour, move from foster family to foster family, abscond, engage in criminal activities, use drugs and do not attend school. Their parents are often responsible for the abuse and families/whanau suffer from the consequences of intergenerational trauma. Instead of distancing the child from these 'dysfunctional families, ' the trauma healing story intervention views intensive collaboration with the child's parents and family as the key to engaging these children. The child's life story is described and illustrated with simple drawings in which the parents acknowledge the child's innocence and explain their intentions. Children can start to understand they were not responsible for the abuse and feel their parents' permission to talk about their traumatic memories. Creating a mutual narrative of what happened reconnects parents and children, and parents can encourage their children to participate in consecutive trauma-focused therapy. The process of constructing this story with the parents provides them with an opportunity to heal from intergenerational trauma as well and break the cycle of intergenerational abuse. This article describes the Trauma Healing Story intervention, illustrated with case examples. The Trauma Healing Story intervention is part of the Sleeping Dogs method, developed for resistant chronically traumatised children with promising results. Clinical experience has also demonstrated that the structured format of the Trauma Healing Story intervention accommodates a Fly-In-Fly-Out delivery model of specialised trauma-focused treatment in remote areas in Australia and New Zealand.

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Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Cited by 104 publications

References 90 publications

Mediators and Treatment Factors in Intervention for Children Exposed to Interparental Violence

Mediators and Treatment Factors in Intervention for Children Exposed to Interparental Violence

Challenges in Psychopharmacological Management of a Young Child with Multiple Comorbid Disorders, History of Trauma, and Early-Onset Mood Disorder: The Role of Lithium

The Trauma Healing Story. Healing Chronically Traumatised Children Through Their Families/Whanau

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