Pre-clinical models of reward deficiency syndrome: A behavioral octopus

Gondré–Lewis, Marjorie C.; Bassey, Rosemary B.; Blum, Kenneth

doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.021

Cited by 30 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 444 publications

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“…We encourage clinicians to step outside the “box of conventional dogma”; critically review the more than 40 clinical studies on this technology; and begin adopting its use for clinical applications by physicians and treatment centers alike, especially for those ethnicities that evidence suggest have a higher risk of indulging in life threatening RDS behavioral octopus. 7 , 41 , 131–134 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We encourage clinicians to step outside the "box of conventional dogma"; critically review the more than 40 clinical studies on this technology; and begin adopting its use for clinical applications by physicians and treatment centers alike, especially for those ethnicities that evidence suggest have a higher risk of indulging in life threatening RDS behavioral octopus. 7,41,[131][132][133][134] Finally, it is of interest that most recently, Levey et al 135 reported on a transcriptome-wide association study analyses and revealed significant associations with expression of NEGR1 in the hypothalamus and DRD2 in the nucleus accumbens, among others linked to approximately 1.2 million veterans and 59,000 African-Americans, with major depression. This is particularly important because the original work by Blum, Noble & Sheridan in 1990 10 also suggested that the DRD2 A1 allele was not specific for alcoholism but was linked to a non-specific reward phenotype like depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Precision Behavioral Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PGA studies also support the component model of addictions and the RDS concept that suggests different addictive and compulsive behaviors share a common etiological and phenomenological background. 41 Genes and the pathways underlying addiction have been revealed by new research technologies. Li et al 42 in a comprehensive analysis of peer reviewed studies between 1976 and 2006, integrated 2343 pieces of evidence that linked chromosome regions and genes to addiction by single gene strategies, microarray, proteomics or genetic studies.…”

Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Review of DNA Risk Alleles to Determine Epigenetic Repair of mRNA Expression to Prove Therapeutic Effectiveness in Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): Embracing “Precision Behavioral Management”

Blum¹,

Steinberg²,

Gondré–Lewis³

et al. 2021

PRBM

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This is a review of research on “Precision Behavioral Management” of substance use disorder (SUD). America is experiencing a high prevalence of substance use disorder, primarily involving legal and illegal opioid use. A 3000% increase in treatment for substance abuse has occurred between 2000 and 2016. Unfortunately, present day treatment of opioid abuse involves providing replacement therapy with powerful opioids to, at best, induce harm reduction, not prophylaxis. These interventions do not enhance gene expression and restore the balance of the brain reward system’s neurotransmitters. We are proposing a generalized approach called “Precision Behavioral Management”. This approach includes 1) using the Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS, a 10 candidate polymorphic gene panel shown to predict ASI-alcohol and drug severity) to assess early pre-disposition to substance use disorder; 2) using a validated reward deficiency syndrome (RDS) questionnaire; 3) utilization of the Comprehensive Analysis of Reported Drugs (CARD™) to assess treatment compliance and abstinence from illicit drugs during treatment, and, importantly; 4) utilization of a “Pro-dopamine regulator (KB220)” (via IV or oral [KB220Z] delivery systems) to optimize gene expression, restore the balance of the Brain Reward Cascade’s neurotransmitter systems and prevent relapse by induction of dopamine homeostasis, and; 5) utilization of targeted DNA polymorphic reward genes to direct mRNA genetic expression profiling during the treatment process. Incorporation of these events can be applied to not only the under-considered African-American RDS community, but all victims of RDS, as a demonstration of a paradigm shift that uniquely provides a novel putative “standard of care” based on DNA guided precision nutrition therapy to induce “dopamine homeostasis” and rebalance neurotransmitters in the Brain Reward Cascade. We are also developing a Reward Deficiency Syndrome Diagnostic Criteria (RDSDC) to assist in potential tertiary treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Precision Behavioral Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dovepressmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

A Review of DNA Risk Alleles to Determine Epigenetic Repair of mRNA Expression to Prove Therapeutic Effectiveness in Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): Embracing “Precision Behavioral Management”

Blum¹,

Steinberg²,

Gondré–Lewis³

et al. 2021

PRBM

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are two polarized views concerning which form of cocaine-induced change in DA neurotransmission is critical for promoting addiction -the "Ups and Downs" described by Leyton and Vezina [4,5] and alluded to in the title of this paper. One view is that repeated cocaine use decreases the ability of rewards, including cocaine, to enhance DA neurotransmission, leading to 'anhedonia' [6,7]. By this view, continued (and escalated) cocaine use is motivated primarily by a desire to overcome this 'DA deficiency'.…”

Section: Drug Self-administration In Laboratory Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dopamine ‘ups and downs’ in addiction revisited

Samaha

Khoo

Ferrario

et al. 2021

Trends in Neurosciences

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Repeated drug use can change dopamine function in ways that promote the development and persistence of addiction. But in what direction? By one view, drug use blunts dopamine neurotransmission, producing a hypodopaminergic state that fosters further drug use to overcome a dopamine deficiency. Another view is that drug use enhances dopamine neurotransmission, producing a sensitized, hyperdopaminergic reaction to drugs and drug cues. According to this second view, continued drug use is motivated by sensitization of drug 'wanting'. Here we discuss recent evidence supporting the latter view, both from preclinical studies using intermittent cocaine self-administration procedures that mimic human patterns of use, and related human neuroimaging studies. These studies have implications for modeling addiction in the laboratory, and for treatment.

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Tanshinone IIA improves contextual fear‐ and anxiety‐like behaviors in mice via the CREB/BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway

Jiang

Wang

et al. 2022

Phytotherapy Research

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Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is one of the most common psychiatric diseases, which is characterized by the typical symptoms such as re‐experience, avoidance, and hyperarousal. However, there are few drugs for PTSD treatment. In this study, conditioned fear and single‐prolonged stress were employed to establish PTSD mouse model, and we investigated the effects of Tanshinone IIA (TanIIA), a natural product isolated from traditional Chinese herbal Salvia miltiorrhiza, as well as the underlying mechanisms in mice. The results showed that the double stress exposure induced obvious PTSD‐like symptoms, and TanIIA administration significantly decreased freezing time in contextual fear test and relieved anxiety‐like behavior in open field and elevated plus maze tests. Moreover, TanIIA increased the spine density and upregulated synaptic plasticity‐related proteins as well as activated CREB/BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway in the hippocampus. Blockage of CREB remarkably abolished the effects of TanIIA in PTSD model mice and reversed the upregulations of p‐CREB, BDNF, TrkB, and synaptic plasticity‐related protein induced by TanIIA. The molecular docking simulation indicated that TanIIA could interact with the CREB‐binding protein. These findings indicate that TanIIA ameliorates PTSD‐like behaviors in mice by activating the CREB/BDNF/TrkB pathway, which provides a basis for PTSD treatment.

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Pre-clinical models of reward deficiency syndrome: A behavioral octopus

Cited by 30 publications

References 444 publications

A Review of DNA Risk Alleles to Determine Epigenetic Repair of mRNA Expression to Prove Therapeutic Effectiveness in Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): Embracing “Precision Behavioral Management”

A Review of DNA Risk Alleles to Determine Epigenetic Repair of mRNA Expression to Prove Therapeutic Effectiveness in Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS): Embracing “Precision Behavioral Management”

Dopamine ‘ups and downs’ in addiction revisited

Tanshinone IIA improves contextual fear‐ and anxiety‐like behaviors in mice via the CREB/BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway

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