Pre-clusterization in emerging markets: the Toyota group's entry process in China

The role of networking and commitment in foreign market entry process: Multinational corporations in the Chinese automobile industry

“…Resource commitments and local learning. This confirms earlier studies such as Buckley and Ghauri(2004) and Vahlne(1977 and2009). …”

“…Recent studies have found that firms enter foreign markets as a network at a certain point of time, which is labeled as "pre-clusterization." (Hatani, 2009;Buckley and Horn, 2009). Pre-clusterization is defined as an advanced form of network-based foreign entry, where firms in a business group enter an emerging market and begin to cluster in the location that the core firm targets (Hatani, 2009).…”

Japanese Multinational Enterprises in China: Successful Adaptation of Marketing Strategies

“…In 1998 these activities in Tianjin were extended with the establishment of Toyota-affiliated suppliers. In what has been termed 'pre-clusterisation', 59 Toyota developed partnerships and built up a substantial local supplier network. Following government approval in 2000, Sichuan Toyota Motor Co Ltd was founded, and in a 50:50 JV with the First Automotive Works (FAW) group the minibus model Coaster was produced.…”

Clusterization: Effects on Some Industry Sectors of Lithuania

“…As a very important aspect of identifying the cluster, Brito and Costa (2009), Felzensztein (2008), Chong Ju Choi et al (1999), Pearl (2010), Xiaoqiang (2009), Jucevičius and Puidokas (2007) distinguish multiple connections between the cluster members. The end product and the role of scientific institutions as an integral part of cluster in order to identify the formation are stressed by Porter (1990), Porter (2000), Schumpeter (1930), Romer (1998), Montresor and Marzetti (2008), Brito and Costa (2009), Felzensztein (2008), Hatani (2009), Williams and Claiborne (2009), Jucevičius and Puidokas (2007).…”

“…Generally, in the literature, the definition of cluster stresses either the perception of the value chain or the sector arrangement. The first approach has been developed by Porter (1990), Porter (2000), Romer (1998), Silvestre and Dalcol (2010), Brito and Costa (2009), Hatani (2009), Pearl (2010), Xiaoqiang (2009), Williams and Claiborne (2009), Callarisa Fiol (2009), . The sector approach is followed by Montresor and Marzetti (2008), Silvestre and Dalcol (2010), Felzensztein (2008), Xiaoqiang (2009).…”