Pre-concentration and determination of amitriptyline residues in waste water by ionic liquid based immersed droplet microextraction and HPLC

Abstract

This paper describes a new approach for the determination of amitriptyline in wastewater by ionic liquid based immersed droplet microextraction (IL-IDME) prior to high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. 1-Hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([C6MIM][PF6]) was used as an ionic liquid. Various factors that affect extraction, such as volume of ionic liquid, stirring rate, extraction time, pH of the aqueous solution and salting effect, were optimized. The optimal conditions were as follows: microextraction time, 10 min; stirring rate, 720 rpm; pH, 11; ionic drop volume, 100 μL; and no sodium chloride addition. In quantitative experiments the method showed linearity in a range from 0.01 to 10 μg/mL, a limit of detection of 0.004 μg/mL and an excellent pre-concentration factor (PF) of 1100. Finally, the method was successfully applied to the determination of amitriptyline in the hospital wastewater samples.

Simple determination of some antidementia drugs in wastewater and human plasma samples by tandem dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography

“…On the other hand, nowadays certain pharmaceuticals are attracting attention as a potentially new class of water pollutants. Hence, the measurement of these compounds, especially in the wastewater of pharmaceutical factories, is important for a variety of purposes such as the prevention of the entrance of these drugs into the environment .…”

On the prediction of critical temperatures of ionic liquids: Model development and evaluation

“…In general, they show unusual, but interesting properties such as extremely low saturation vapor pressure and negligible volatility, wide liquidus range, nonflammability, high thermal conductivity, and high physical and chemical stability [2]. These unique properties make them potential replacement solvents for conventional volatile and commonly toxic and flammable organic solvents in numerous industrial applications such as extraction and separation processes [3][4][5], battery industry [6,7], solar panels [8,9], waste recycling [10,11], lubricants [12][13][14][15], fuel cells [16,17], polymer and biopolymer processing [18][19][20], electroplating [21,22], gas separation and CO 2 capturing [23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30], catalysis [31][32][33], and other processes [34][35][36][37].…”

A novel strategy for spectrophotometric simultaneous determination of amitriptyline and nortriptyline based on derivation with a quinonoid compound in serum samples

“…The most commonly used methods for determination of AT, NT, and other tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) drugs are spectrophotometric method [4][5][6][7], micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) [8], voltammetry [9], capillary gas-liquid chromatography (CGLC) [10], capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) [11], high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) [12][13][14], electron-capture gas chromatography (ECGC) [15], thin layer chromatography (TLC) [16], LC-MS [17], GC [18], liquid-liquid microextraction (LLE)-GC [19], GC-MS [20], gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) [21], and chemometric methods [22].…”