Pre‐conception management of insulin‐dependent diabetes: Improvement of pregnancy outcome

Prospective population based survey of outcome of pregnancy in diabetic women: results of the Northern Diabetic Pregnancy Audit, 1994

“…Diabetic pregnancies under close scrutiny may yield a high detection rate of fetal anomaly. The major congenital malformation rate for diabetic pregnancy was similar to that in previous reports 8 9. Some authorities maintain there is no further scope for improving the outcome of diabetic pregnancy 10…”

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Preconception Care for Women With Established Diabetes Mellitus

“…Using published comparative malformation rates. As a final sensitivity analysis, we reviewed studies that reported malformation rates among women in preconception care programs compared with late registrants into prenatal care (2,3,(11)(12)(13)36,37). This analysis uses the best available data from clinical studies that, although prospective, were not randomized (details on the specific anomalies used in this sensitivity analysis can be obtained from the authors).…”

Detemir potential applications in the treatment of diabetes during pregnancy: proven benefits and perspectives

“…Hyperglycemia in the first trimester is the main risk factor for miscarriage [6][7][8] and fetal malformations; the incidence of these outcomes in a group of pregnant women with T1D was found to be 2-10 times higher compared with that in the general population [9][10][11]. The risks of these events depend on the severity of hyperglycaemia [12,13] and significantly increase at HbA1c levels being higher than three standard deviations greater than the HbA1c levels of healthy women (>6.3%) [14][15][16][17][18].…”