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Objective Gestational weight gain (GWG) is positively associated with birth weight and maternal pre-pregnancy BMI is directly related to infant fat mass (FM). This study examined whether differences exist in infant body composition based on 2009 GWG recommendations. Study Design Body composition was measured in 306 infants and GWG was categorized as appropriate or excessive. Analysis of covariance was used to investigate the effects of GWG and pre-pregnancy BMI and their interaction on infant body composition. Results Within the appropriate group, infants from obese mothers had greater percent fat (%fat) and FM than offspring from normal and overweight mothers. Within the excessive group, infants from normal mothers had less %fat and FM than infants from overweight and obese mothers. A difference was found for %fat and FM within the overweight group between GWG categories. Conclusions Excessive GWG is associated with greater infant body fat and the effect is greatest in overweight women.

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