Pre-eclampsia in American Indians/Alaska Natives and Whites: The Significance of Body Mass Index

Zamora-Kapoor, Anna; Nelson, Lonnie A.; Buchwald, Dedra; Walker, Leslie R.; Mueller, Beth A.

doi:10.1007/s10995-016-2126-6

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Assessments performed in other contexts have already shown that Native American women and those native to Alaska have a higher risk of preeclampsia than white women, and this effect is also modulated by body mass index (BMI). 17 In general, the results of the current study diverge from other studies in the literature that were related to the subject. In the United Kingdom, a case-control study demonstrated that black African women had twice the chance of having an MNM event in comparison to white Europeans.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Skin Color and Maternal Near Miss: Exploring a Demographic and Health Survey in Brazil

Fernandes

Sousa

Cecatti

2017

Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet

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Keywords► severe maternal morbidity ► maternal near miss ► pregnancy complications ► ethnicity ► maternal and child health AbstractPurpose In 2013, it was estimated that 289,000 maternal deaths occurred worldwide. The maternal mortality ratio has decreased in many countries in the past decades, due to early identification and treatment of obstetric complications, despite the dissimilarities observed in diverse locations and populations. Black women, for instance, have always been more susceptible to the occurrence of maternal mortality and severe morbidity. Therefore, the objective of this study is to assess skin color as a predictive factor for maternal near miss (MNM) in a sample of Brazilian women interviewed in the Brazilian National Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) of 2006.Method A secondary analysis of the DHS database, a population-based crosssectional nationally representative study was conducted. This database is of public domain. The risk of maternal complications according to ethnic group and the associated sociodemographic characteristics were evaluated. For the data analysis, the odds ratios and respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results In the sample interviewed, 59% of women were black or brown (mixed-race). Approximately 23% of women had some complication, and 2% of these women had at least one MNM pragmatic criterion. The MNM rate was 31 per 1,000 live births, and its occurrence was not statistically different among the ethnic groups. The only factors identified that were considered to be associated with the occurrence of MNM were maternal age above 40 and women not currently attending school, but only among white women. Conclusion The 2006 DHS results did not show a higher occurrence of maternal complications, and specifically of MNM associated with black/brown skin color. ResumoObjetivo Estima-se que em 2013 tenham ocorrido 289.000 mortes maternas no mundo. Observou-se uma redução na razão de mortalidade materna em muitos países nas últimas décadas, e isso se deveu à identificação e tratamento precoce das complicações obstétricas, embora de forma não similar entre os diversos locais e

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Skin Color and Maternal Near Miss: Exploring a Demographic and Health Survey in Brazil

Fernandes

Sousa

Cecatti

2017

Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet

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“…study. [ 13 ] In addition, 15% of preeclamptic patients were smokers which in turn may affect the occurrence of PE; since smoking reduces the risk of PE. In addition, nonsmokers both before and during pregnancy have a superior risk of PE compared to smoker patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concept and connotation of oxidative stress in preeclampsia

2018

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BACKGROUND:Preeclampsia (PE) is a systemic pregnancy-related disorder characterized by hypertension, proteinuria, and edema. Free radicals seem to play an important role in the induction of endothelial dysfunction in PE.AIM:The aim of the present study was to investigate serum levels of nitric oxide (NO), peroxynitrite (ONOO−), paraoxonase (PON-1), malondialdehyde (MDA), and lipid profile in preeclamptic patients compared to the women with normal pregnancy.MATERIALS AND METHODS:A total of 68 pregnant women were recruited. They were divided into two groups - Group A, 40 women were a newly diagnosed with PE and Group B, 28 women with normal pregnancy. Anthropometric measurements including body mass index and blood pressure in accordance with biochemical measurements including NO, ONOO−, PON-1, MDA, and lipid profile were done for preeclamptic pregnant women compared to the controls.RESULTS:Pregnant women with pre-eclampsia illustrated insignificant differences in the age (31.22±2.87) compared to the age of control P > 0.05. There were significant changes in the body mass index (BMI), type of delivery and smoking status of pregnant women with pre-eclampsia compared to the control P < 0.05. Both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were high in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia compared to the control P < 0.01. PON-1 and NO serum levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.01) while ONOO− and MDA serum levels were significantly increased in PE compared to the women with normal pregnancy.CONCLUSIONS:This study concluded that PE is associated with the augmentation of oxidative stress and reduction of endogenous antioxidant capacity regarding PON-1.

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“…AI/AN women in Washington State had a 17% increased risk of preeclampsia compared to white women, even after adjusting for age, socioeconomic status, and smoking. 19 Obesity was a confounder, highlighting an important risk factor for pregnancy-related morbidity and mortality. 19 Hypertensive disorders first diagnosed during pregnancy were also higher for AI/AN than white women (12.8% and 6.7%, respectively, p < 0.05).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Mortality Among American Indian/Alaska Native Women: A Scoping Review

Heck

Jones

Bohn

et al. 2021

Journal of Women's Health

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Background: Maternal mortality decreased globally by about 38% between 2000 and 2017, yet, it continues to climb in the United States. Gaping disparities exist in U.S. maternal mortality between white (referent group) and minority women. Despite important and appropriate attention to disparities for black women, almost no attention has been given to American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN) women. The purpose of this scoping review is to synthesize available literature concerning AI/AN maternal mortality. Methods: Databases were searched using the terms maternal mortality and pregnancy-related death, each paired with American Indian, Native American, Alaska Native, Inuit, and Indigenous. Criteria (e.g., hemorrhage) were paired with initial search terms. Next, pregnancy-associated death was paired with American Indian, Native American, Alaska Native, Inuit, and Indigenous. Criteria in this category were homicide, suicide, and substance use. Results: The three leading causes of AI/AN pregnancy-related maternal mortality are hemorrhage, cardiomyopathies, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. AI/AN maternal mortality data for homicide and suicide consistently include small samples and often categorize AI/AN maternal deaths in an ''Other'' race/ethnicity, which precludes targeted AI/AN data analysis. No studies that reported AI/AN maternal mortality as a result of substance use were found. Health care characteristics such as quality, access, and location also may influence maternal outcomes and maternal mortality. Conclusions: Despite AI/AN maternal mortality being disproportionately high compared to other racial/ethnic groups, relatively little is known about root causes.

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Pre-eclampsia in American Indians/Alaska Natives and Whites: The Significance of Body Mass Index

Cited by 30 publications

References 30 publications

Skin Color and Maternal Near Miss: Exploring a Demographic and Health Survey in Brazil

Skin Color and Maternal Near Miss: Exploring a Demographic and Health Survey in Brazil

Concept and connotation of oxidative stress in preeclampsia

Maternal Mortality Among American Indian/Alaska Native Women: A Scoping Review

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