Concept and connotation of oxidative stress in preeclampsia

Objectives: Doxorubicin is one of the most important and powerful anticancer drugs, the most pronounced limitation for its use is toxicity on normal cells. Mechanism of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC) is multifactorial and complex, including direct DNA damage, formation of free radicals, interference with DNA repair, and activation of immune reactions. Febuxostat is a non-purine-selective xanthine oxidase inhibitor decrease the production of uric acid. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of febuxostat on doxorubicin-induced acute cardiotoxicity in rats regarding oxidative stress and antiapoptotic effects. Methods: A total of 30 Sprague Dawley male rats were used which subdivided into three groups: Group I (negative control group) received normal saline for 10 days, Group II (positive control group) received normal saline plus single dose of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg, IP), and Group III (treated group) received febuxostat (10 mg/kg, po), for 10 successive days plus single dose of doxorubicin (15 mg/kg, I.P.). Serum brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), cardiac troponin I (cTn-I), caspase-3, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), lipid peroxidase (LPO), malondialdehyde (MDA), and tumor necrosis factor alpha were estimated by ELISA kit method. Results: Febuxostat administration before doxorubicin led to significant decrease on cardiac troponin, caspase-3, and elevation in GSH-Px levels significantly p<0.05. While the effects of febuxostat on BNP, LPO, MDA, tumor necrosis-alpha were insignificant p>0.05 compare to doxorubicin. Conclusion: Febuxostat attenuates DIC through modulation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic biomarkers.

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Febuxostat Modulates Oxidative and Apoptotic Pathways in Acute Doxorubicin‑induced Cardiotoxicity: An Experimental Animal Model Study

Al-Kuraishy

Al-Gareeb

Al-Hussaniy³

2019

“…Pomegranate effect on free radicals is happened by different mechanism, it scavenges various types of free radicals such as ROS and reactive nitrogen species, and also, it inhibits ROS-generating enzymes including cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase, and xanthine hydrogenase/ oxidase [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pomegranate Attenuates Acute Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity in Sprague-Dawley Rats: The Potential Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects

Al-Kuraishy

Al-Gareeb

Al-Naimi

2019

Objectives: Nephrotoxicity is a renal-specific situation in which the excretion of toxic metabolites is reduced due to toxic agents and drugs. Gentamicin is an antibiotic belongs to aminoglycoside group which may induce nephrotoxicity due to induction of oxidative stress. Pomegranate is a component of the traditional medicine called Punica granatum with significant nephron-protective effect. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the nephronprotective effect of pomegranate in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Methods: A total of 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were used which divided into Group 1 (n=10): Rats treated with distilled water 5 ml/kg plus normal saline 5 ml/kg for 12 days, Group 2 (n=10): Rats treated with distilled water 5 ml/kg plus gentamicin 100 mg/kg for 12 days, and Group 3 (n=10): Rats treated with pomegranate 100 mg/kg plus gentamicin 100 mg/kg for 12 days. Blood urea, serum creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA), kidney injury molecule (KIM-1), and cystatin-C were measured in both control and experimental groups. Results: Rats treated with gentamicin showed nephrotoxicity as evident by significant elevation in serum creatinine, blood urea, serum creatinine, KIM-1, MDA, and cystatin-C sera levels. Pomegranate leads to significant reduction of blood urea and serum creatinine compared to gentamicin group, p<0.05. Pomegranate also reduced MDA, KIM-1, and cystatin-C sera levels significantly compared to gentamicin group, p<0.01. Conclusion: Pomegranate produced significant nephroprotective effect on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity through modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers.

“…OCT4 was positive in 80% of Group A and 3.3% in Group B, in concomitant to Chinese study (2007) conducted on 49 bladder cancer biopsy samples and found that 40 of 49 bladder cancer samples (81.6%) showed the expression of OCT-4 of cancer cells [13]. In comparison to another study conducted in Iran (2007), a higher results observed as they detected the expression of OCT4 in almost all 96% of the examined tumor samples of bladder (31/32) 33% of Group C samples (3/9 of those without carcinoma) (Atlasi et al, 2007), and in Iran 2009, on 140 patients with bladder carcinoma, as noticed that among 140 cases, 9 (6%) cases showed no immunoreactivity for the OCT4 protein, whereas 131 (94%) cases showed positive immunoreactivity with a variety of intensities [14]. Lower results conducted in Egypt at 2017 on 84 urothelial tumor specimens, and found, of all the tumor specimens, 30 (35.8%) cases showed tumor positivity, whereas 54 (64.2%) cases were negative for OCT4 staining, in which all positive results found in high-grade urothelial tumor specimens [15].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Expression of Cancer Stem Cell Marker Octamer-Binding Transcription Factor 4 in High-Grade Transitional Cell Carcinoma

Mohammed¹,

Ahmed²

2019

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to provide an outlook of urothelial carcinoma through the immunohistochemical expression patterns of octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4) in high-grade transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder. Methods: A total number of 60 tissue samples were collected for the study. Patients were divided into two groups according to the pathological diagnosis of the bladder tissue, Group A: 30 cases with high-grade TCC of the bladder and Group B: 30 cases with apparently normal bladder tissue. Tissue immunohistochemical analysis was applied to investigate the expression patterns of cancer stem cell (CSC) markers OCT4 in bladder samples. Results: OCT4 was positive in 80% of specimens of Group A and 3.3% in specimens of Group B. The association between OCT4 marker result and certain histopathological features in high-grade group: Positive OCT4 result was found in patients with inflammation and necrosis (90.9%) with a significant association (p=0.013). Regarding muscular invasion, we noticed that 87.5% of patients with muscular invasion showed positive OCT4 marker result with a significant association (p=0.039) between OCT4 marker result and muscular invasion. As well, OCT4 marker was highly sensitive and specific (sensitivity=66.7%, specificity=96.7%, and accuracy=76.7%). Conclusion: There was a significant expression of CSC OCT4 in high-grade TCC, OCT4 can be considered as a key regulator of tumor progression, aggressive behavior, and metastasis.