Pre‐stem cell formation by non‐platelet<scp>RNA</scp>‐containing particle fusion

Kong, Wuyi; Nuo, Mu; Zhu, Xiao Ping; Han, Xiu Juan; Luo, Lihua; Wang, Xian

doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12101

Cited by 2 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Because each of these structures produces and releases only one distinct spore-like cellular type or progenitors, we believe that the lineage of these progenitors has been predetermined when their tube-shaped structures or niches are built. Also, in our previous report of cultured hUCB (Kong et al, 2013a), we observed many small particles and similar fusiform structures that we termed "Non-platelet RNAcontaining particles (NPRCPs) and "particle fusion-derived non-nucleated cells (PFDNCs), respectively. The small particles could fuse with each other to form small cellular structures, and two or more particle-derived small cells could further fuse or engulf each other to become larger-sized Oct4-and Sox-2-positive pre-stem cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…These cellular structures eventually develop into mesenchymal stem cells. In our previous study (Kong et al, 2013a), we described how the new Oct4 and Sox-2-positive stem cells are formed by the fusion of particles, the NPRCPs, in hUCB. Now we believe that NPRCPs are small fusiform structures, which is hard to distinguish from the circulating particles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No new hUCB was collected for the current study. Slides stained for our previous hUCB study (Kong et al, 2013a) were reexamined. Digital movies for the cultured hUCB cells were taken 10 years ago in the same study (Kong et al, 2013a).…”

Section: Human Umbilical Cord Blood (Hucb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Slides stained for our previous hUCB study (Kong et al, 2013a) were reexamined. Digital movies for the cultured hUCB cells were taken 10 years ago in the same study (Kong et al, 2013a). Briefly, ten ml hUCB were collected and centrifuged at 200 xg form 10 min.…”

Section: Human Umbilical Cord Blood (Hucb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nucleated cells are required in the formation and differentiation of the mesenchymal cell progenitors. In our previous hUCB report (Kong et al, 2013a), we described how the cellular structures were formed by the fusion of multiple small particles, or NPRCPs. Also, we described that two or three medium-sized fusiform structures or PFDNCs were fused together or engulfed by each other to become one cellular structure.…”

Section: Large Fusiform Structures Directly Transformed Into Mesenchy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The self-renewal procedures of mesenchymal stem cells in the blood

Kong¹,

Wang²,

Zhu³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background: Although mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are most commonly used in cell therapy and stem cell research, the mechanism and the locations of their self-renewal are still unknown. Method: Mouse blood was collected, and examined under microscopy. The results were compared with the data of human umbilical cord blood (hUCB) collected 10 years ago. Results: We found that the procedure of self-renewal for the mesenchymal stem cells in mouse blood and hUCB needs at least 5 steps. First, tube-shaped stem cell niches release long segmented materials composed of sand-like particles and semitransparent granules. Second, the sand-like particles and semitransparent granules separate from the segmented materials. Third, each of the individual semitransparent granules releases groups of fusiform-shaped structures that do not stain to H&E. The sizes of the fusiform-shaped structures range from 1 to 100 μm in length in mouse blood, but can be 200 μm in hUCB. Fourth, the large-sized fusiform structures can directly transform into lineage-restricted cellular structures; the medium-sized fusiform structures fuse or engulf each other to form cellular structures. The cellular structures further acquire membranes from the adjacent nucleated cells. Fifth, the nucleolus appears in the new cellular structures before the nucleus. During all the procedures, the adjacent nucleated mesenchymal cells are must needed. Thus, these newly formed cellular structures will further differentiate into nucleated mesenchymal stem cells. Conclusion: Our findings again provide new evidence that, in physiological conditions, mesenchymal stem cell self-renewal needs several steps to complete, which, however, does not occur by mitotic division. The tube-shaped structures are the niches of the stem cells.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Human Umbilical Cord Blood (Hucb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Human Umbilical Cord Blood (Hucb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Large Fusiform Structures Directly Transformed Into Mesenchy...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The self-renewal procedures of mesenchymal stem cells in the blood

Kong¹,

Wang²,

Zhu³

et al. 2023

Preprint

Self Cite

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Kidney regeneration by non‐platelet RNA‐containing particle‐derived cells

Kong¹,

Nuo²,

Zhu³

et al. 2013

Clin Exp Pharma Physio

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We found a group of non-platelet RNA-containing particles (NPRCPs) in human umbilical cord blood. These particles can aggregate, fuse and become non-nucleated cells when cocultured with nucleated cells in vitro. The non-nucleated cells further differentiate into nucleated cells expressing octamer binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4). The NPRCPs are approximately 1-5 μm in diameter, have a thin bilayer membrane, contain short RNAs and microRNAs and express OCT4, sex-determining region Y 2 (SOX2) and DEAD box polypeptide 4 (DDX4). To confirm the function of NPRCPs in vivo, we examined the effects of tail vein-injected green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labelled NPRCPs on mouse kidneys damaged by prior ischaemia and reperfusion from Day 1 to Week 6. Within 1 day of injection of NPRCPs, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry revealed a large number of extravasated NPRCPs in the renal calyces, damaged glomeruli and duct tubules. During the course of regeneration, NPRCPs fused into large, non-nucleated cellular structures that further became large nucleated cells to regenerate multicellular kidney tubules. In addition, many NPRCPs became tiny nucleated cellular structures that further differentiated into interstitial cells in connective tissue. The extravasated NPRCPs also arranged themselves into non-cell glomerular structures before further regenerating into nucleated cells of the glomerulus. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that, via different patterns of differentiation, NPRCP-derived cells can regenerate mouse kidney tissue damaged by ischaemia.

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Pre‐stem cell formation by non‐plateletRNA‐containing particle fusion

Cited by 2 publications

References 39 publications

The self-renewal procedures of mesenchymal stem cells in the blood

The self-renewal procedures of mesenchymal stem cells in the blood

Kidney regeneration by non‐platelet RNA‐containing particle‐derived cells

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