Pre-treatment of used cooking oils for the production of green chemicals: A review

Cárdenas, Juliana; Orjuela, Álvaro; Sánchez, David L.; Narváez, P.C.; Katryniok, Benjamin; Clark, James H.

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.125129

Cited by 62 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…Typically, cloudy or white solutions were obtained when the water content was above 25% w / w . The macroscopic properties of graffiti removers depend on the fatty acid composition of the type of oil [ 46 ]. Thus, the appropriate combination of the concentration of oil PEG-8 ester, ethyl lactate, APGs, and water studied will lead to the formation of a desired graffiti remover formulation with satisfactory functional properties.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation of Environmentally Safe Graffiti Remover Containing Esterified Plant Oils and Sugar Surfactant

2021

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The removal of graffiti or over-painting requires special attention in order to not induce the surface destruction but to also address all of the important eco-compatibility concerns. Because of the necessity to avoid the use of volatile and toxic petroleum-based solvents that are common in cleaning formulations, much attention has recently been paid to the design of a variety of sustainable formulations that are based on biodegradable raw materials. In the present contribution we propose a new approach to graffiti cleaning formulations that are composed of newly synthesized green solvents such as esterified plant oils, i.e., rapeseed oil (RO), sunflower oil (SO), or used cooking oil (UCO), ethyl lactate (EL), and alkylpolyglucosides (APGs) as surfactants. Oil PEG-8 ester solvents were synthesized through the direct esterification/transesterification of these oils using monobutyltin(IV) tris(2-ethylhexanoate) and titanium(IV) butoxide catalysts under mild process conditions. The most efficient formulations, determined by optimization through the response surface methodology (RSM) was more effective in comparison to the reference solvents such as the so-called Nitro solvent (denoting a mixture of toluene and acetone) and petroleum ether. Additionally, the optimal product was found to be effective in removing graffiti from glass, metal, or sandstone surfaces under open-field conditions in the city of Wrocław. The performed studies could be an invaluable tool for developing future green formulations for graffiti removal.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation of Environmentally Safe Graffiti Remover Containing Esterified Plant Oils and Sugar Surfactant

2021

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“…In this way, the co-processing approach allows using the infrastructure already available in the existing refineries [133], that is, hydrotreating units, commonly used for sulphur compound elimination (among others) from diesel fractions. Moreover, using waste oils (using cooking oils or animal fats) also offers an efficient way of managing residues [134], obtaining a valuable biofuel integrated with the petroleum fraction [135].…”

Section: The Green Diesel Production-co-processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Catalysed Transformation of Vegetable Oils or Animal Fats to Biofuels and Bio-Lubricants: A Review

et al. 2021

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This review paper summarizes the current state-of-the-art of the chemical transformation of oils/fats (i.e., triacylglycerols) to the use of biofuels or bio-lubricants in the means of transport, which is a novelty. The chemical transformation is necessary to obtain products that are more usable with properties corresponding to fuels synthesized from crude oil. Two types of fuels are described—biodiesel (the mixture of methyl esters produced by transesterification) and green diesel (paraffins produced by hydrogenation of oils). Moreover, three bio-lubricant synthesis methods are described. The transformation, which is usually catalysed, depends on: (i) the type and composition of the raw material, including alcohols for biodiesel production and hydrogen for green diesel; (ii) the type of the catalyst in the case of catalysed reactions; (iii) the reaction conditions; and (iv) types of final products. The most important catalysts, especially heterogeneous and including reaction conditions, for each product are described. The properties of biodiesel and green diesel and a comparison with diesel from crude oil are also discussed.

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“…The rapidly growing world's population has dramatically increased the food demand that ultimately affects the production of WCO. Recent studies estimate that the generation of waste cooking oil is almost 20-32% of total edible oil consumption [17,35]. China and India are the most populated countries and produce the most WCO, around 5.6 million tons and 1.135 million tons per year.…”

Section: Production Of Waste Cooking Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The major components of edible oil are triacylglycerol with fatty acids, with variable degrees of unsaturation, ranging from C16 to C18 carbon chain. Triglycerides are made by linking glycerol to three fatty acids, whereas all fatty acids contain an even number carbon chain [35]. Moreover, natural edible oil is also composed of other minor components such as free fatty acids (FFA), acylglycerols, carotenoids, tocopherols, tocotrienols, sterols, phosphatides, hydrocarbons, and trace metals [43].…”

Section: Physical and Chemical Properties Of Waste Cooking Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The highly complex nature of WCO limits its possible implementation in any field of study. In this case, pretreatment must be ensured if WCO's byproducts are intended to be used for any specified purpose [35]. The following section explains available methods and technologies that need to be implemented before utilizing WCO in the pavement industry.…”

Section: Available Technologies To Minimize Ffa From Waste Cooking Oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Waste Cooking Oil as a Sustainable Bio Modifier for Asphalt Modification: A Review

et al. 2021

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The rising demand for non-renewable resources such as asphalt binder is a significant issue in the pavement industry. Flexible pavement consumes a significant amount of asphalt binder, which has become a major issue in terms of environmental sustainability and from an economics viewpoint. Hence, researchers strive to find other alternatives to solve these problems, to enhance the performance and lifespan of flexible pavement. Biomass-based bio-oil, such as waste cooking oil (WCO), as a modifier has illustrated favorable effects for asphalt binder and mixture. However, in the pavement industry, its adoption as a modifier is still in an empirical stage. Hence, this paper aimed to give an overview by analyzing literature in-depth to reveal the potential of WCO as a modifier in the pavement industry. The low- and intermediate-temperature performance of the WCO-modified asphalt binder are superior. However, it compromises physical properties and high-temperature performance. Hence, it can be improved by controlling the quality of WCO or by further modification by additives such as ground tire rubber (GTR) and waste plastic. This paper also attempts to review available and potential physical and chemical technologies to minimize the negative effects of free fatty acid (FFA) and water content of WCO on modified asphalt binder properties. For WCO-modified asphalt mixture, the overall performance depends on the dose, quality of WCO, and type of additive added in the WCO-modified binder. Finally, future recommendations are provided to broaden the scope of WCO as a modifier in the forthcoming sustainable pavement industry.

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Pre-treatment of used cooking oils for the production of green chemicals: A review

Cited by 62 publications

References 73 publications

Formulation of Environmentally Safe Graffiti Remover Containing Esterified Plant Oils and Sugar Surfactant

Formulation of Environmentally Safe Graffiti Remover Containing Esterified Plant Oils and Sugar Surfactant

The Catalysed Transformation of Vegetable Oils or Animal Fats to Biofuels and Bio-Lubricants: A Review

Waste Cooking Oil as a Sustainable Bio Modifier for Asphalt Modification: A Review

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