Prebiotic effects of arabinoxylan oligosaccharides on juvenile Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) with emphasis on the modulation of the gut microbiota using 454 pyrosequencing

Abstract

The potential of a novel class of prebiotics, arabinoxylan oligosaccharides (AXOS), was investigated on growth performance and gut microbiota of juvenile Acipenser baerii. Two independent feeding trials of 10 or 12 weeks were performed with basal diets supplemented with 2% or 4% AXOS-32-0.30 (trial 1) and 2% AXOS-32-0.30 or AXOS-3-0.25 (trial 2), respectively. Growth performance was improved by feeding 2% AXOS-32-0.30 in both trials, although not significantly. Microbial community profiles were determined using 454-pyrosequencing with barcoded primers targeting the V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene. AXOS significantly affected the relative abundance of bacteria at the phylum, family, genus and species level. The consumption of 2% AXOS-32-0.30 increased the relative abundance of Eubacteriaceae, Clostridiaceae, Streptococcaceae and Lactobacillaceae, while the abundance of Bacillaceae was greater in response to 4% AXOS-32-0.30 and 2% AXOS-3-0.25. The abundance of Lactobacillus spp. and Lactococcus lactis was greater after 2% AXOS-32-0.30 intake. Redundancy analysis showed a distinct and significant clustering of the gut microbiota of individuals consuming an AXOS diet. In both trials, concentration of acetate, butyrate and total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) increased in fish fed 2% AXOS-32-0.30. Our data demonstrate a shift in the hindgut microbiome of fish consuming different preparation of AXOS, with potential application as prebiotics.

Fermentation of Arabinoxylan-Oligosaccharides, Oligofructose and their Monomeric Sugars by Hindgut Bacteria from Siberian Sturgeon and African Catfish in Batch Culture in vitro

“…The present results indicated that fish hindgut bacteria adapt to dietary AXOS and OF, although the change was not that strong ( Figures 1 and 2). This results are in agreement with our earlier studies where we demonstrated a higher production of SCFA in fish fed AXOS with an avDP of 32 versus short avDP of 3 [36]. We indicated that AXOS with a relatively longer DP have a stronger resistance to saccharolytic fermentation than AXOS with shorter DP.…”

“…The predominant production of acetic acid by hindgut microbiota from Siberian sturgeon and African catfish in this study is in agreement with results for other fish and terrestrial animals, both in vitro and in vivo [4,9,36,42]. In carp, however, certain carbohydrate substrates resulted in high amounts of propionic acid during an incubation period of 6 h [22].…”

“…Our earlier study on prebiotic potential of AXOS in juvenile Siberian sturgeon indicated that administration of AXOS in fish diet increased SCFAs production in Siberian sturgeon's hindgut [36]. Moreover, our results showed that AXOS fermentation in hindgut of Siberian sturgeon is structure dependent.…”

“…and Plesiomonas spp. [36]. The present results indicated that fish hindgut bacteria adapt to dietary AXOS and OF, although the change was not that strong ( Figures 1 and 2).…”

“…The higher SCFA production in the groups of fish fed an AXOS diet can be linked with some potentially beneficial microorganisms, including Lactobacillus spp., Clostridium spp., Eubacterium spp. and Lactococcus lactis [36]. Bifidobacterium spp, Lactobacilli Us spp., Enterococcus spp., Bacteroides spp., Prevotella spp., Clostridium spp., Ruminococcus spp., Eubacterium spp.…”