Prebiotics in human milk: a review

Coppa, Giovanni V.; Zampini, Lucia; Galeazzi, Tiziana; Gabrielli, Orazio

doi:10.1016/s1590-8658(07)60013-9

Cited by 152 publications

(120 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…For example, recent studies suggest that Cesarean-delivered babies may be more susceptible to allergies and asthma (31,32), and the administration of probiotics (including lactobacilli) from birth until age 6 mo reduced the incidence of allergy at age 5 y in C-section but not vaginally delivered children (33). Breastfeeding has been suggested to enrich vaginally acquired lactic acid-producing bacteria in the baby's intestine (34), although it is not clear that the predominant lactobacilli in the baby's intestine are the same as those acquired at birth from the mother's vagina (35).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in newborns

Domínguez-Bello

Costello²,

Contreras

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

3,959

104

3,254

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Upon delivery, the neonate is exposed for the first time to a wide array of microbes from a variety of sources, including maternal bacteria. Although prior studies have suggested that delivery mode shapes the microbiota's establishment and, subsequently, its role in child health, most researchers have focused on specific bacterial taxa or on a single body habitat, the gut. Thus, the initiation stage of human microbiome development remains obscure. The goal of the present study was to obtain a community-wide perspective on the influence of delivery mode and body habitat on the neonate's first microbiota. We used multiplexed 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing to characterize bacterial communities from mothers and their newborn babies, four born vaginally and six born via Cesarean section. Mothers’ skin, oral mucosa, and vagina were sampled 1 h before delivery, and neonates’ skin, oral mucosa, and nasopharyngeal aspirate were sampled <5 min, and meconium <24 h, after delivery. We found that in direct contrast to the highly differentiated communities of their mothers, neonates harbored bacterial communities that were undifferentiated across multiple body habitats, regardless of delivery mode. Our results also show that vaginally delivered infants acquired bacterial communities resembling their own mother's vaginal microbiota, dominated by Lactobacillus , Prevotella, or Sneathia spp., and C-section infants harbored bacterial communities similar to those found on the skin surface, dominated by Staphylococcus , Corynebacterium , and Propionibacterium spp. These findings establish an important baseline for studies tracking the human microbiome's successional development in different body habitats following different delivery modes, and their associated effects on infant health.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in newborns

Domínguez-Bello

Costello²,

Contreras

et al. 2010

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

3,959

104

3,254

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The number of children who were given bottled milk powder in the case group (26.3%) was also greater than in the control group (3.7%), which might also affect the prevalence of leukemia. Because of the use of formula, the baby’s gut microorganisms are altered, which affects the immune system’s response to pathogens [23–26]. A great number of natural-killer cells, suggesting a more mature immune system, have been found in breastfed infants than in formula-fed infants [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of breastfeeding against childhood leukemia in Zhejiang Province, P. R. China: a retrospective case-control study

Gao

Wang

Qin

et al. 2018

Libyan Journal of Medicine

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Objectives: Our research investigated the relationship between childhood leukemia and breastfeeding in the P. R. of China.Methods: We conducted a retrospective case-control study from March 2008 to April 2017 at the Children’s Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang province, P. R. of China, which reviewed 958 children who had been diagnosed with leukemia in case group and 785 healthy children in control group. Data were obtained from medical records, and if the medical records were incomplete, we called mothers of children by phone to complete the data.Results: Breastfeeding reduces the risk of childhood leukemia; the effect is greater, if feeding continued for 7–9 months (p = 0.002). In addition, we suggest that some factors such as maternal age, smoking during pregnancy, abortion history, genetic factors, parents use of hair dye, and the history of using birth control pills before pregnancy can increase the risk of childhood leukemia.Conclusions: This study indicates that promoting breastfeeding for 7–9 months may help lower the childhood leukemia incidence. Our study firstly demonstrates that breastfeeding has protective effects against childhood leukemia in the P. R. of China.Abbreviations: ALL: Acute lymphocytic leukemia; AML: Acute myeloid leukemia

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“…Several studies have shown that the intestinal microbiota of breast-fed infants is dominated by bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria, whereas the microflora of formula-fed infants contains lower numbers of these protective bacteria and more bacteroides, clostridia, and enterobacteriaceae. [35][36][37] The current literature provides some explanations for the selective growth stimulation of protective bacteria by prebiotics. Some protective organisms have specific enzymes that can hydrolyze prebiotic oligosaccharides, which results in the proliferation of these protective bacteria.…”

Section: Prebiotics and The Intestinal Microfloramentioning

confidence: 99%

Prebiotics in Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

Langen

Dieleman

2009

Inflammatory Bowel Diseases

162

107

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Prebiotics are nondigestible fermentable fibers that are reported to have health benefits for the host. Older as well as more recent studies show beneficial effects in experimental colitis and lately also in human inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and chronic pouchitis. In this review we give an overview of the benefits of prebiotics in rodent IBD models and in IBD patients and discuss their possible protective mechanisms. Commensal intestinal bacteria induce and perpetuate chronic intestinal inflammation, whereas others are protective. However, most of the current medications are directed against the exaggerated proinflammatory immune response of the host, some of them toxic and costly. Feeding prebiotics changes the composition of the intestinal microflora toward more protective intestinal bacteria and alters systemic and mucosal immune responses of the host. Therapy for IBD targeting intestinal bacteria and their function is just emerging. Prebiotics have the promise to be relatively safe, inexpensive, and easy to administer. Unraveling their protective mechanisms will help to develop rational applications of prebiotics. However, the initial promising results with dietary prebiotics in preclinical trials as well as small studies in human IBD will need to be confirmed in large randomized controlled clinical trials. Keywords ulcerative colitis; Crohn's disease; prebiotics; bifidobacteria; lactobacilli The incidence and prevalence of chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are increasing in the developed northern hemisphere. Bernstein et al 1 recently published data that showed that Canada has the highest incidence and prevalence of CD thus far reported. The incidence rate for CD ranged from 8.8-20.2 per 100,000 and the prevalence ranged from 161-319 per 100,000. The incidence and prevalence of UC was lower, ranging from 9.9-19.5 and 162-249 per 100,000, respectively. Approximately 0.5% of the Canadian population has IBD. Several studies concerning the pathogenesis of IBD indicate that a combination of factors such as genetic susceptibility, intestinal microflora, dietary factors, intestinal barrier dysfunction, and an abnormal immune response to intestinal bacteria lead to chronic intestinal inflammation. CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscript CIHR Author Manuscript Current IBD TherapeuticsThe current medical armamentarium to treat UC and CD consists of 5-aminosalicylic acid (ASA) compounds, corticosteroids, azathioprine/6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate, and cyclosporine. Recently several biologics have been added to this list. 5 Most patients respond well to these therapies, but for some patients it is still inadequate and/or induces intolerable and serious side effects. In addition, the current therapies are mostly directed against the overly aggressive adaptive immune response of the host, but fail to correct potential environmental triggers such as the intestinal microflora that induces a...

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Prebiotics in human milk: a review

Cited by 152 publications

References 34 publications

Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in newborns

Delivery mode shapes the acquisition and structure of the initial microbiota across multiple body habitats in newborns

Protective effect of breastfeeding against childhood leukemia in Zhejiang Province, P. R. China: a retrospective case-control study

Prebiotics in Chronic Intestinal Inflammation

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