Prebiotics/Probiotics Mixture Induced Changes in Cecal Microbiome and Intestinal Morphology Alleviated the Loperamide-Induced Constipation in Rat

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a mixture of multi-strain probiotics and prebiotics on loperamide-induced constipation in Sprague-Dawley rats. A multi-strain probiotic alone (loperamide-induced group with multi-strain probiotic mixture group; Lop-Pro) and a mixture of multistrain probiotics and prebiotics (loperamide-induced group with multi-strain probiotic and prebiotic mixture group; Lop-Pro/Pre) were administered orally after inducing constipation. The fecal water content was significantly higher (by 42%) in the Lop-Pro/Pre group (33.5%) than in the loperamideinduced group (Lop) (23.7%) (p<0.05). The intestinal mucosal thickness, crypt cell area, and interstitial cells of Cajal area were significantly higher in the Lop-Pro/Pre group compared to the Lop group by 16.4%, 20.6%, and 42.3%, respectively. Additionally, the total short-chain fatty acid content was significantly increased in the Lop-Pro and Lop-Pro/Pre groups by 56.4% and 54.2%, respectively, compared with the Lop group. The Lop-Pro and Lop-Pro/Pre groups recovered loperamide-induced alteration in Bacteroidetes and Verrucomicrobia abundance among intestinal microbiota, whereas the Lop-Pro/Pre group recovered Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Bacteroides, and Oscillibacter abundance. Moreover, the relative abundance of Oscillibacter and Clostridium was significantly different in the Lop-Pro/Pre group compared to the Lop group. Collectively, administration of synbiotics rather than multi-strain probiotics alone is effective in alleviating constipation. Keywordsconstipation, multi-strain probiotics, loperamide, microbiota compared to a single strain (Yoon et al., 2014). Furthermore, supplements containing multi-strain probiotics are effective in treating subjects with irritable bowel diseases and improving the composition of the intestinal microbiota (Mezzasalma et al., 2019). However, it is currently unclear whether this is due to synergistic interactions between strains or the higher probiotic doses used in some studies (Chapman et al., 2011). Multi-strain probiotics appear to exhibit greater efficacy than single strains according to a limited number of studies.In this study, Sprague-Dawley rats with loperamide-induced constipation were orally administered probiotics and prebiotics samples. To evaluate their constipation-relieving effect in rats, changes in the stool parameters, gastrointestinal transit ratio, and intestinal microbiota were analyzed.Combination treatment of synbiotics and probiotics effectively alleviated loperamide-induced constipation. Materials and Methods Animals and reagentsMale Sprague-Dawley rats (6 weeks old, 160-180 g) were purchased from Oriental Bio Co., Ltd. and allowed to adapt to the environment for 1 week. All experiments were approved by the Korea University Institutional Animal Care & Use Committee (Approval number: KUIACUC-2020-0026). In the breeding environment, the temperature was 21 ± 1 °C, the relative humidity was 50-55%, a 12-hour light/dark cycle was maintained, and standard comme...

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG supernatant promotes intestinal mucin production through regulating 5-HT4R and gut microbiota

“…55,56 Increasing attention has been paid to the application of probiotics therapy in constipation treatment. 57–60 Probiotics can improve gut dysmotility and alleviate symptoms by modulating the gut microbiota, microbial metabolites, central and enteric nervous systems, as well as the immune system. 61…”

“…55,56 Increasing attention has been paid to the application of probiotics therapy in constipation treatment. [57][58][59][60] Probiotics can improve gut dysmotility and alleviate symptoms by modulating the gut microbiota, microbial metabolites, central and enteric nervous systems, as well as the immune system. 61 Based on the analysis of gut microbiota composition, we found that LGGs promoted the growth of Allobaculum, which was reported as a beneficial bacterial species.…”

Lactiplantibacillus plantarum X7022 ameliorates loperamide‐induced constipation and modulates gut microbiota in mice

“…Yoghurt containing Lactococcus lactis , Lactobacillus plantarum , and Lactobacillus casei promoted higher relative abundance of Bacteroidetes phylum and lower abundance of Firmicutes phylum in mice intestine (Liu et al, 2017). Kim et al (2021) found that intake of multistrain probiotics increased the abundance of Bacteroidetes in the intestinal microbiota of Sprague–Dawley rats induced by loperamide. In addition, decreasing the ratio of F/B in the intestine, regulating intestinal pH, and improving the environment for beneficial bacteria to flourish can correct intestinal microecological disorders in constipated patients (Li et al, 2019).…”

“…A total of 60 mice were used. Constipation was induced as described by C. L. Chen et al (2020) and Kim et al (2021) with minor modifications. After 7 days of adaptation, 48 mice among them were administered with 5 mg/kg BW loperamide hydrochloride by gavage daily to induce constipation for 1 week, and the rest 12 mice were orally administrated with equal volume of normal saline and used as normal group.…”

Electroacupuncture Improves Intestinal Motility through Exosomal miR-34c-5p Targeting SCF/c-Kit Signaling Pathway in Slow Transit Constipation Model Rats

“…e protocol of these experiments was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine (approval number LL2021091502). Loperamide hydrochloride capsules were used to induce constipation, as previously described [18,19]. ese loperamide hydrochloride capsules were manufactured by Xian Janssen Pharmaceutical Ltd. and were purchased from the Pharmacy of the First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China, with OTC No.…”