Precedents in Negotiated Decisions: <scp>K</scp>orea–<scp>A</scp>ustralia Free Trade Agreement Negotiations

Crump, Larry; Moon, Don

doi:10.1111/nejo.12177

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Precedents are multifaceted strategic tools that have the capacity to influence the behavior and perceptions of negotiating parties (Crump, 2016). They have the potential to enhance the perception of legitimacy and fairness and constitute a more useful point of reference than more abstract concepts such as equity, equality and need, which are more difficult to apply (Crump and Moon, 2017).…”

Section: The Role Of Precedents In Negotiationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halting and Reversing Escalation in the South China Sea: A Bargaining Framework

Vuković

Alfieri

2020

Global Policy

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Escalating tensions in South China Sea have epitomized US-China relations for nearly a decade. Warning signs of a possible collision between a rising China and steadfast US, bring to light the need to think about ways that can halt and reverse the intensification of their confrontational moves. The historical trends regarding the freedom of the seas suggest that a way out of this predicament is possible through negotiations. The tenets of the freedom of the seas seem to prevail once they begin to serve the challenger's interest. Yet, the path toward interest alignment between the challenger and the norm-maker, in this case between China and the US, depends on their ability to avoid any miscalculation that can provoke further escalation of tensions, which in turn may lead to violent confrontation between nuclear powers. A particular historical precedent between the US and Soviet Union demonstrates that a compromised solution can be found in upholding the normative framework based on the Law of the Sea Convention (UNCLOS). Emulating this approach may help the parties to avoid an unnecessary and avoidable military gamble in South China Sea. Policy Implications • As history shows, freedom of the seas will prevail once it serves the challenger's interests. China's spectacular rise will eventually tip cost-benefit considerations in favor of this regime. No regime other than freedom of the seas could yield higher returns for a seafaring power with global interests. China already avails itself of the freedom of navigation principles the US supports. It would not be in China's own interest to subvert a regime that underpins its capacity to project power globally and serves well its growing ambitions.

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Section: The Role Of Precedents In Negotiationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Halting and Reversing Escalation in the South China Sea: A Bargaining Framework

Vuković

Alfieri

2020

Global Policy

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“…Figure 4 shows the utility values generated by Counter, BLRA and LSTM models computed using Eqs. (6) and (13) respectively. The x-axes shows the number of rounds from 0 to 100 while the y-axes shows the utility values ranging from 0 to 1.…”

Section: Example Continuedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Note that RV refers to the utility of a bid in the negotiation, below which we would not be willing to accept any bid. Reasons for not accepting a bid whose utility is below RV can be due to a better BATNA -Best Alternative to Negotiated Agreement [6] (so RV may be set to BATNA) or that the agent receives a utility that is not good enough for the agent to accept. In settings where the environment is dynamic, there can be situations where our RV can change with time (while the preference profile is static) [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PredictRV: A Prediction Based Strategy for Negotiations with Dynamically Changing Reservation Value

Gear

Prakash

Singh

et al. 2020

Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing

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Negotiation is an important component of the interaction process among humans. With increasing automation, autonomous agents are expected to take over a lot of this interaction process. Much of automated negotiation literature focuses on agents having a static and known reservation value. In situations involving dynamic environments e.g., an agent negotiating on behalf of a human regarding a meeting, agents can have a reservation value (RV) that is a function of time. This leads to a different set of challenges that may need additional reasoning about the concession behavior. In this paper, we build upon Negotiation algorithms such as ONAC (Optimal Non-Adaptive Concession) and Time-Dependent Techniques such as Boulware which work on settings where the reservation value of the agent is fixed and known. Although these algorithms can encode dynamic RV, their concession behavior and hence the properties they were expected to display would be different from when the RV is static, even though the underlying negotiation algorithm remains the same. We, therefore, propose to use one of Counter, Bayesian Learning with Regression Analysis or LSTM model on top of each algorithm to develop the PredictRV strategy and show that PredictRV indeed performs better on two different metrics tested on two different domains on a variety of parameter settings.

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“…Searching the traditional media is a rather structured task that can be effectively conducted by any competent and motivated undergraduate. After conducting this media search the Korean Research Assistant went on to conduct more complicated tasks such as contacting potential respondents via e-mail and phone and establishing appointments (Crump & Moon, 2017).…”

Section: Identifying Respondentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conducting Field Research Effectively

Crump

2019

American Behavioral Scientist

Self Cite

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This article is concerned primarily with preparing for and conducting field research by examining innovative methods and techniques that support the effectively utilization of our time in the field. Specifically, it examines innovations for identifying and communicating with potential respondents to secure interview appointments. Procuring interview notes is dependent first on the ability to secure interview appointments; however, this aspect of the field research life cycle has received insufficient attention. Securing interviews requires identifying potential respondents through our network of contacts, relevant websites, and traditional and social media. Field research has moved onto the Internet—an innovation that contributes to conducting field research effectively. Once potential respondents are identified, interview appointments are then secured by clearly understanding the mode, content and timing of respondent communication. Interview methods, data recording and data analysis are also considered. When conducted effectively, these purposeful activities produce the interview notes that then become the data used for case analysis. This article concludes by reviewing the field research life cycle.

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Precedents in Negotiated Decisions: Korea–Australia Free Trade Agreement Negotiations

Cited by 11 publications

References 47 publications

Halting and Reversing Escalation in the South China Sea: A Bargaining Framework

Halting and Reversing Escalation in the South China Sea: A Bargaining Framework

PredictRV: A Prediction Based Strategy for Negotiations with Dynamically Changing Reservation Value

Conducting Field Research Effectively

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