Precipitation Hardening in Fe-Cu Binary and Quaternary Alloys.

Interaction between Dislocation and Copper Particles in Fe-Cu Alloys.

“…It is known that Cu precipitates as b.c.c. clusters which are coherent with the matrix in the early stages of aging 16,17) , and the hardness is significantly influenced by the coherent strain around the Cu particle 11) . On the other hand, in the over-aging stages, coherency at the interface between the Cu particle and the matrix is almost lost 18,19) , thus, precipitation strengthening in over-aged Cu-bearing steels is influenced only by l and q c and can be estimated with Eq.…”

“…However there is no experimental evidence with respect to the interaction between Cu particles and dislocation in their study. So far, the exact mechanism of the interaction has not been clarified, although numerous other studies on the strengthening mechanism [8][9][10][11] have been carried out for Cu-bearing steels. For the application of the Cu-bearing steels in practical uses, it is important to determine such structural factors affecting the strength and control them so as to obtain the required properties.…”

High-Strength Low-Carbon Ferritic Steel Containing Cu-Fe-Ni-Al-Mn Precipitates

“…[30] Previous atom-probe studies of thermally aged Fe-Cubased alloys have consistently detected significant amounts of Fe in Cu-rich precipitates about 2 nm in radius, in both binary Fe-Cu alloys [20,58] and multicomponent Fe-Cu-based alloys. [27,28,30,59] Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), [56,60] using indirect methods that involve magnetic scattering for deconvoluting the precipitate composition, however, suggests a much smaller amount of Fe of up to 10 at. pct in the precipitates.…”

“…[50] The source of this controversy is possibly a result of a combination of a number of precipitation strengthening mechanisms include lattice mismatch, modulus mismatch, and chemical hardening. [51][52][53][54][55][56][57] Also, when the dislocation enters the precipitate two partial dislocations are created that combine when the dislocation leaves the precipitate. Energy must be supplied to move the dislocation out of the precipitate.…”

Deformation and Fracture Mechanism of Consolidated Fe-Cu Alloy from Rapidly Solidified Powder

“…It has been reported that water atomized iron powders with 0.5-15 mass% coppers were successfully consolidated with groove rolling at 873-1273 K. 1) Copper impurity is dispersed in the iron matrix through the process, without either liquid phase or coarse precipitation, suggesting the possibilities of hardening by nano-order copper precipitation. [9][10][11][12][13][14] Understanding of relation between microstructure of the consolidated materials and mechanical properties of them is important to bring about the best performance of the materials. In this study the effect of microstructure on tensile behavior is investigated and the fracture mechanism is discussed.…”