Precise time transfer on the IPE - VUGKT line - a detailed analysis

Joint accurate time and stable frequency distribution infrastructure sharing fiber footprint with research network

“…It changes in time with the Earth's tides, but, as stated in Ref. 15, the contribution to a Sagnac term Eq. (9) is only 0.3 fs for a 1000-km link, so it is possible to omit such influence.…”

“…It takes into account the relativistic effects caused by the Earth's rotation and gravitational potential. 15 Only terms with a contribution higher than 1 ps on a 1000-km long link are taken into account. τ is the propagation delay, c is the speed of light in a vacuum, L is the fiber path length, n is the refractive index, S is the Sagnac term, and G is the gravitational term:…”

“…Typical values of these terms for a 1000-km long link at the Earth's equator on the surface are 5 ms, AE5 ns, and 3 ps. The higher terms can be easily omitted for picoseconds precision; 15 for example, the contribution of c −4 term will be of the order 10 −17 for the mentioned 1000-km line. Equation (9) describes the contribution of the Sagnac correction to the propagation delay; the sign depends on the direction of the transfer (eastward or westward):…”

Joint accurate time and stable frequency distribution infrastructure sharing fiber footprint with research network

“…It takes into account the relativistic effects caused by the Earth's rotation and gravitational potential. 15 Only terms with a contribution higher than 1 ps on a 1000-km long link are taken into account. τ is the propagation delay, c is the speed of light in a vacuum, L is the fiber path length, n is the refractive index, S is the Sagnac term, and G is the gravitational term: E Q -T A R G E T ; t e m p : i n t r a l i n k -; e 0 0 8 ; 6 3 ; 3 7…”

“…Typical values of these terms for a 1000-km long link at the Earth's equator on the surface are 5 ms, AE5 ns, and 3 ps. The higher terms can be easily omitted for picoseconds precision; 15 for example, the contribution of c −4 term will be of the order 10 −17 for the mentioned 1000-km line. Equation (9) describes the contribution of the Sagnac correction to the propagation delay; the sign depends on the direction of the transfer (eastward or westward): E Q -T A R G E T ; t e m p : i n t r a l i n k -; e 0 0 9 ; 3 2 6 ; 6 6 4 jΔτj ¼ 2ωA…”