Precision and accuracy of the calcite strain-gage technique

Groshong, Richard H.; Teufel, Lawrence W.; Gasteiger, C.

doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1984)95<357:paaotc>2.0.co;2

Cited by 91 publications

(65 citation statements)

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“…The thin -twin black line width includes a combination of twinned material and the optical effects due to the twin boundaries. Using measured and calculated strains from experimentally deformed twinned calcite in limestone, Groshong (1974) determined that approximately 50% of the black line width represents twinned calcite (also see Groshong et al, 1984b). Thick calcite twins can be resolved optically from the untwinned host.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcite twin morphology: a low-temperature deformation geothermometer

Ferrill

Morris

Evans

et al. 2004

Journal of Structural Geology

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Twinning of the e-plane is the dominant crystal -plastic deformation mechanism in calcite deformed below about 400 8C. Calcite in a twin domain has a different crystallographic orientation from the host calcite grain. So-called thin twins appear as thin black lines when viewed parallel to the twin plane at 200-320 £ magnification under a petrographic microscope. Thick twins viewed in the same way have a microscopically visible width of twinned material between black lines. Calcite e-twin width and morphology has been correlated with temperature of deformation in naturally deformed coarse-grained calcite. In this paper, we present a compilation and analysis of data from limestones of the frontal Alps (France and Switzerland) and the Appalachian Valley and Ridge and Plateau provinces (eastern United States) to document this temperature dependence. Mean calcite twin width correlates directly with temperature of deformation such that thin twins dominate below 170 8C and thick twins dominate above 200 8C. Above 250 8C dynamic recrystallization is an important deformation mechanism in calcite. Mean twin intensity (twin planes/mm) correlates negatively with temperature, and a cross plot of twin intensity with twin width can yield information about both strain and temperature of deformation. These relationships provide a deformation geothermometer for rocks that might otherwise yield little or no paleotemperature data.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcite twin morphology: a low-temperature deformation geothermometer

Ferrill

Morris

Evans

et al. 2004

Journal of Structural Geology

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306

261

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“…The stripping procedure was used in cases of high proportions of NEVs and a large number of measured grains. An experimental reevaluation of the CSGT has shown that measurements of about 50 grains on one thin section or 25 grains on two mutually perpendicular thin sections yield the best results (Groshong et al 1984;Evans and Groshong 1994;Ferrill et al 2004). The chance to extract the records of more than two deformations from one data set is limited when dealing with natural rocks (Burkhard 1993).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…From U-stage measurements of width, frequency, and orientation of twins and the crystallographic orientation of the host crystals, a strain tensor can be calculated with a least squares technique (Groshong 1972). In order to remove "noise" from the data set, a refinement of the calculated strain tensor can be achieved by stripping the 20% of twins with highest deviations (Groshong et al 1984). This procedure has been used if the number of measured grains was large (n 1 20).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volcanic Initiation of the Eocene Heart Mountain Slide, Wyoming, USA

Malone

Craddock

Schmitz

et al. 2017

The Journal of Geology

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Additional information:Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. A B S T R A C TThe Eocene Heart Mountain slide of northwest Wyoming covers an area of as much as 5000 km 2 and includes allochthonous Paleozoic carbonate and Eocene volcanic rocks with a run-out distance of as much as 85 km. Recent geochronologic data indicated that the emplacement of the slide event occurred at ∼48.9 Ma, using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICPMS) extracted from U-Pb zircon ages from basal layer and injectite carbonate ultracataclasite (CUC). We now refine that age with U-Pb results from a lamprophyre diatreme that is temporally and spatially related to the CUC injectites. The ages for the lamprophyre zircons are 48.97 5 0.36 Ma (LA-ICPMS) and 49.19 50.02 Ma (chemical abrasion isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry). Thus, the lamprophyre and CUC zircons are identical in age, and we interpret that the zircons in the CUC were derived from the lamprophyre during slide emplacement. Moreover, the intrusion of the lamprophyre diatreme provided the trigger mechanism for the Heart Mountain slide. Additional structural data are presented for a variety of calcite twinning strains, results from anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility for the lamprophyre and CUC injectites and alternating-field demagnetization on the lamprophyre, to help constrain slide dynamics. These data indicate that White Mountain experienced a rotation about a vertical axis and minimum of 357 of counterclockwise motion during emplacement.

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“…Ferrill, 1991;Ferrill et al, 2004;and references therein). Twins in calcite deformed at low temperature are thin, less than 5 μm wide (Groshong, 1974;Groshong et al, 1984;Ferrill, 1991;Ferrill et al, 2004). With increasing temperature thick twins develop since higher temperature deformation allows twin widening to accommodate increasing strain (Heard, 1963;Ferrill, 1991;Ferrill et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Turner, 1953), unmetamorphosed and undeformed (e.g. Groshong, 1972;Groshong et al, 1984;Tourneret & Laurent, 1990;Ferrill, 1991;Lacombe & Laurent, 1992; and many references therein) or weakly deformed carbonate rocks (e.g. Tullis, 1980;Craddock & van der Pluijm, 1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcite deformation twins in Pohorje marbles

Nastja¹,

Vrabec²

2018

Geologija

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Marbles in Pohorje occur in lenses and smaller bodies in the southern and southeastern part of the massif. Marbles are very pure, predominantly calcitic and rarely calcitic-dolomitic, containing a maximum of 5 % of non-carbonate mineral phases. The latter comprise pyroxenes (diopside), amphiboles (tremolite), olivines (forsterite) in places replaced by serpentine, quartz, feldspars (potassium feldspars and plagioclases), epidote, zoisite, vesuvianite, scapolite, muscovite, biotite partly replaced by chlorite, phlogopite, rare grains of titanite, rutile, zircone, apatite, and small grains of ferric oxides and sulfides. Calcite exhibits intensive deformational e-twinning whereas dolomite is undeformed and untwined. All four known types of mechanical twins in calcite were recognized: thin Type I twins, straight thick Type II twins, curved, lensoid and tapered thick Type III twins, and thick patchy Type IV twins. Type III twins are the dominant mechanical twins in the Pohorje marbles indicating the temperature of deformation somewhat above 200 °C. Since they lack signs of grain boundary recrystallization, we assume that the twinning was followed by a decrease temperature during exhumation. With increasing temperature the process of recrystallization along calcite grain becomes pronounced. Small individual untwined calcite crystals are progressively replacing bigger calcite grains. In few examples second generation of Type I deformational twins develop in recrystallized calcite grains, which also implies lowering of temperature due to exhumation. IzvlečekPohorski marmor se pojavlja v lečah in manjših telesih v južnem in jugovzhodnem delu pogorja. Marmorji so po sestavi zelo čisti, skoraj izključno kalcitni, izjemoma kalcitno-dolomitni in vključujejo največ do 5 % nekarbonatnih mineralnih faz. Te vključujejo piroksene (diopsid), amfibole (tremolit), olivine (forsterit) mestoma nadomeščen s serpentinom, kremen, glinence (kalijeve glinence in plagioklaze), epidot, zoisit, vezuvianit, skapolit, muskovit, biotit deloma nadomeščen s kloritom, flogopit, redka zrna titanita, rutila, cirkona in apatita ter majhna zrna železovih oksidov in sulfidov. Kalcitni kristali so močno deformirani z mehanskim dvojčenjem, dolomitni kristali pa so nedeformirani in brez dvojčkov. Našli smo vse štiri znane tipe mehanskih dvojčkov v kalcitu: tanke dvojčke tipa I, ravne in debele dvojčke tipa II, zakrivljene, lečaste in zašiljene dvojčke tipa III, ter debele krpaste dvojčke tipa IV. Prevlada dvojčkov tipa III v pohorskem marmorju nakazuje temperaturo deformacije nekoliko nad 200 °C. Ker ti dvojčki ne kažejo znakov rekristalizacije na robovih zrn, sklepamo, da je dvojčenju sledilo znižanje temperature zaradi ekshumacije kamnin. Z višanjem temperature postane bolj izrazit proces rekristalizacije vzdolž robov kalcitnih zrn. Velika kalcitna zrna so pri tem vedno bolj nadomeščena z majhnimi kristali brez mehanskih dvojčkov. V nekaj primerih so v rekristaliziranih kalcitnih zrnih nastali mehanski dvojčki tipa I druge generacije, kar tudi na...

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Precision and accuracy of the calcite strain-gage technique

Cited by 91 publications

References 0 publications

Calcite twin morphology: a low-temperature deformation geothermometer

Calcite twin morphology: a low-temperature deformation geothermometer

Volcanic Initiation of the Eocene Heart Mountain Slide, Wyoming, USA

Calcite deformation twins in Pohorje marbles

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