Precision engineering: an evolutionary perspective

Evans, C. J.

doi:10.1098/rsta.2011.0050

Cited by 20 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…), rolls for producing structured films (such as high reflectivity road signs) 4 and for making non-optical components (such as piston turning, boring, watch dials and other items including hard disk drive heads). 5 The SPDT is a popular choice for machining larger copper drums (used in the roll-to-roll technology to prepare thin polymer films for large displays), diffraction gratings as well as for fabricating precision mirrors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular dynamics simulation of the elliptical vibration-assisted machining of pure iron

Goel

Martinez

Chavoshi

et al. 2018

Journal of Micromanufacturing

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It is well known that diamond wears out rapidly (within several metres of cutting length) when machining low carbon ferrous alloys and pure iron. The past few years have seen a growing interest in the field of elliptical vibration-assisted machining (EVAM) due to it being successful in the micromachining of difficult-to-cut materials including steel. During EVAM, a cutting tool is prescribed an oscillatory motion perpendicular to the direction of cutting, thereby causing the tool to be relieved intermittently from chemical and physical contact with the workpiece. This phenomenon serves as a guideline to develop the simulation test bed for studying EVAM in this work to compare it with conventional cutting. The pilot implementation of the EVAM came as a quasi-3-dimensional (Q3D) elliptical cutting model of body-centred cubic (BCC) iron with a diamond cutting tool using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The developed MD model supplemented by the advanced visualization techniques was used to probe the material removal behaviour, the development of the peak stress in the workpiece and the way the cutting force evolves during the cutting process. One of the key observations was that the cutting chips of BCC iron during conventional cutting underwent crystal twinning and became polycrystalline, while EVAM resulted in cutting chips becoming highly disordered, leading to better viscous flow compared to conventional cutting.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular dynamics simulation of the elliptical vibration-assisted machining of pure iron

Goel

Martinez

Chavoshi

et al. 2018

Journal of Micromanufacturing

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“…The fundamental bases for precision design and mechanical accuracy were described by Moore [51] in his classic text. The historical evolution of ultraprecision equipment and machine tools, and in general, the discipline of precision engineering has been put forth by Evans [2,52]. Recently, Preuss [53] described the techniques involved in diamond machining from a production engineering perspective.…”

Section: Present State Of Cutting Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The technology had its historical origins in the early 1900s, however accelerated in the 1960s with work performed, principally at the U.S. national laboratories, for energy and defense related needs. In the early 1960s at the Y-12 facility in Oak Ridge, singlepoint diamond turning was first performed using single crystal diamond microtome knives [2]. In the 1970s and 1980s, further development of the machining technology continued at other U.S. national laboratories and defense contractors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At that time, machine tool development was also underway at the Cranfield Unit for Precision Engineering (CUPE) in the UK which designed and built a vertical axis diamond turning machine [6]. Examples of some initial applications of diamond turning were for the manufacture of infrared reflective optics [2], annular resonator optics [4], and X-ray telescope mirrors [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ultra-Precision Machining: Cutting With Diamond Tools

Lucca

Klopfstein

Riemer

2020

Journal of Manufacturing Science and Engineering

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This article is written as a tribute to Professor Frederick Fongsun Ling 1927-2014. Single point diamond machining, a subset of a broader class of processes characterized as ultra-precision machining, is used for the creation of surfaces and components with nanometer scale surface roughnesses, and submicrometer scale geometrical form accuracies. Its initial development centered mainly on the machining of optics for energy and defense related needs. Today, diamond machining has broad applications that include the manufacture of precision freeform optics for defense and commercial applications, the structuring of surfaces for functional performance, and the creation of molds used for the replication of a broad range of components in plastic or glass. The present work focuses on a brief review of the technology. First addressed is the state of current understanding of the mechanics that govern the process including the resulting forces, energies and the size effect, forces when cutting single crystals, and resulting cutting temperatures. Efforts to model the process are then described. The workpiece material response when cutting ductile and brittle materials is also included. Then the present state of the art in machine tools, diamond tools and tool development, various cutting configurations used, and some examples of diamond machined surfaces and components are presented. A discussion on the measurement of surface topography, geometrical form and subsurface damage of diamond machined surfaces is also included.

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“…Diamond turning was initially developed using modified measuring machines such as those made by Moore Special Tool (figure 4) in the USA and Taylor Hobson in the UK. In the 1960s and 1970s, the US Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) built dedicated large-scale diamond turning machines (LDTM) such as the Large Optics Diamond Turning Machine (LODTM), under defence programmes [25,26]. Similarly in the UK, the Science and Engineering Research Council commissioned the Cranfield Institute of Technology (later, Cranfield University) to design and build a LDTM (figure 4) [27] although this was for astronomy purposes.…”

Section: (A) Single-point Diamond Machiningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultra-precision: enabling our future

Shore

Morantz

2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

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This paper provides a perspective on the development of ultra-precision technologies: What drove their evolution and what do they now promise for the future as we face the consequences of consumption of the Earth’s finite resources? Improved application of measurement is introduced as a major enabler of mass production, and its resultant impact on wealth generation is considered. This paper identifies the ambitions of the defence, automotive and microelectronics sectors as important drivers of improved manufacturing accuracy capability and ever smaller feature creation. It then describes how science fields such as astronomy have presented significant precision engineering challenges, illustrating how these fields of science have achieved unprecedented levels of accuracy, sensitivity and sheer scale. Notwithstanding their importance to science understanding, many science-driven ultra-precision technologies became key enablers for wealth generation and other well-being issues. Specific ultra-precision machine tools important to major astronomy programmes are discussed, as well as the way in which subsequently evolved machine tools made at the beginning of the twenty-first century, now provide much wider benefits.

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Precision engineering: an evolutionary perspective

Cited by 20 publications

References 24 publications

Molecular dynamics simulation of the elliptical vibration-assisted machining of pure iron

Molecular dynamics simulation of the elliptical vibration-assisted machining of pure iron

Ultra-Precision Machining: Cutting With Diamond Tools

Ultra-precision: enabling our future

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