“…Birth weight reported through maternal recall is highly correlated with medical record data into offspring adulthood (e.g., intraclass correlation [ICC] = .99 in Yawn, Suman, & Jacobsen, 1998; also see Buka, Goldstein, Spartos, & Tsuang, 2004; Jaspers, de Meer, Verhulst, Ormel, & Reijneveld, 2010; O’Sullivan, Pearce, & Parker, 2000; Rice et al, 2007). Given its sensitivity to multiple forms of prenatal stress, including prenatal exposure to trauma and violence (Hill, Pallitto, McCleary-Sills, & Garcia-Moreno, 2016), chronic stress and poverty (Bolten et al, 2010; Kayode et al, 2014; Strutz et al, 2014), cigarette smoking (Bailey, McCook, Hodge, & McGrady, 2011), and pregnancy-related stress and anxiety (Bussières et al, 2015), we interpreted lower birth weight as suggesting more prenatal stress. Children in the present study represented a full range of birth weights (from 2.6–9.8 lbs).…”