Predation of diaspidid scale insects on kiwifruit vines by European earwigs, Forficula auricularia, and steel-blue ladybirds, Halmus chalybeus

Logan, D.P.; Maher, B.J.; Rowe, Christina

doi:10.1007/s10526-017-9797-9

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…1 During its seasonal activity window F. auricularia exhibit a strong thigmotactic response, aggregating in large numbers under rocks, logs and within tree canopies aided by the use of a putative aggregation pheromone. [2][3][4][5] Despite their invasive nature, earwigs have been shown to be useful biological control agents against numerous insect pests in apple, [6][7][8] orange, 9 and kiwi fruit 10 orchards, vineyards 11 and hop gardens. 12 Indeed, due to their predatory nature, earwigs have also been assessed as a potential biological control agent for spotted-wing Drosophila (Drosophila suzukii) in soft fruit crops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cherry damage and the spatial distribution of European earwigs, (Forficula auricularia L.) in sweet cherry trees

Quarrell

Corkrey

Allen

2020

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND: The European earwig, Forficula auricularia is an invasive insect pest found in many temperate regions of the world. Despite being well known predators, earwigs are considered pests in sweet cherry though this has never been empirically tested. Our aim was to quantify the relationship between damaged cherry fruit and earwig population size, cherry bunch size and earwig distribution in cherry tree canopies in the cherry varieties Ron's Seedling, Lewis, Sweet Georgia, and Lapin. RESULTS: Significant differences in earwig damage type and frequency were observed between varieties with earwig exclusion significantly reducing damage by 21% in Lapin and 34% in Ron's Seedling. Earwigs were strongly aggregated within cherry bunches, with greater numbers and damage observed in larger bunch sizes in all varieties except Ron's Seedling where stem damage was independent of bunch size. In Ron's Seedling, cherry stems were 40× more likely to be damaged than Lewis stems and Lewis fruit two times more likely to be damaged than Ron's Seedling fruit. Sweet Georgia fruit were 4.5 times and stems five times more likely to be damaged than in Lapin. No predictive relationship between cherry damage levels and earwig numbers either within the tree canopies or within monitoring traps could be determined. CONCLUSION: European earwigs may have a significant economic impact to sweet cherry production. The nature of this impact differs between cherry varieties and severity is strongly influenced by factors including bunch size. However, why damage differs between varieties remains unknown and warrants further investigation if the impact of earwigs to sweet cherry production is to be minimized.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cherry damage and the spatial distribution of European earwigs, (Forficula auricularia L.) in sweet cherry trees

Quarrell

Corkrey

Allen

2020

Pest Management Science

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“…24 Forficula auricularia has been common throughout southeastern Australia since the 1900s; despite only being first recorded in Western Australia 24 years ago, it is now common throughout south-western parts of this state. 24 Forficula auricularia is often found in disturbed locations 23,25 and can be an important predator in 26 pear 27 and kiwifruit 28 orchards, but regarded as a plant-feeding pest in softer fruits such as stonefruit 29 , and sometimes as a contaminant during harvest. 30 In Australia, F. auricularia is a pest in grains crops, 31,32 although internationally it is more typically considered a beneficial predator in grains systems.…”

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confidence: 99%

Climate, human influence, and the distribution limits of the invasive European earwig, Forficula auricularia, in Australia

Hill

Binns

Umina

et al. 2018

Preprint

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BACKGROUND: By modelling species-environment relationships of pest species, it is possible to understand potential limits to their distributions when they invade new regions, and their likely continued spread. The European earwig, Forficula auricularia, is a non-native invasive species in Australia that has been in the country for over 170 years. However, in the last few decades it has invaded new areas. Unlike in other countries, F. auricularia is a pest species of grains production in Australia. In this study we detail the Australian distribution of this species, adding new samples focussed around grain growing regions. Using this information we build global species distribution models for F. auricularia to better understand speciesenvironment relationships. RESULTS:Our models indicated that the distribution of F. auricularia is strongly associated with temperate through to semi-arid environments, a high winter rainfall and pronounced temperature seasonality. We identified regions that hold suitable, but as yet vacant, niche space for Australian populations, suggesting further potential for range expansion. Beyond climate, an 1 index describing human influence on the landscape was important to understand the distribution limits of this pest. We identified regions where there was suitable climate space, but which F. auricularia has not occupied likely due to low levels of human impact. CONCLUSION:Modelling the global distribution of a non-native pest species aided understanding of the regional distribution limits within Australia and highlighted the usefulness of human impact measures for modelling globally invasive insect species.

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“…11 Furthermore, similar to other parts of the world, Australian populations of F. auricularia can be predatory, feeding on aphids, caterpillars, mites and other soft-bodied arthropods. [15][16][17] In fact, F. auricularia is a well-recognized beneficial predator in apple, pear and kiwifruit orchards, 5,[18][19][20] vineyards, 21 and has even been considered beneficial in some grain crops. [22][23][24][25] To manage invertebrates of agricultural significance it is important to understand their lifecycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4 The lifecycle of F. auricularia has been examined in cool and temperate regions in the Northern hemisphere, [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] with information recently garnered from Australian orchard environments 41,42 and New Zealand. 20,43 Oviposition occurs within subterranean nests excavated by the female, in the northern hemisphere, this typically occurs from late summer to spring depending on the region. The female cares for her offspring until they reach second instars, before summer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lifecycle of the invasive omnivore, Forficula auricularia, in Australian grain growing environments

Binns

Hoffmann

Helden

et al. 2020

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND The European earwig, Forficula auricularia (L.) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae), is regarded as an important beneficial in many orchard environments but has the potential to be a plant pest in other systems, including to grain crops. Due to its agricultural importance, the lifecycle of F. auricularia has been widely studied in North America and Europe. However, much less is known in the southern hemisphere, including Australia where F. auricularia has been present for over 170 years. RESULTS To elucidate the lifecycle of F. auricularia, we monitored five sites in grain‐growing areas of southern Australia using two different trap types. Adults were found year‐round, but most prevalent from late‐spring to mid‐winter. First instars were typically found from mid to late winter. Second, third and fourth instars occurred from winter through to late spring. The seasonal development of F. auricularia in Australia may be much earlier than observed in comparable North American studies. Degree day modelling highlights variation in development times across the active season for F. auricularia across our sites. CONCLUSION Forficula auricularia is well adapted to the Australian grain growing environments. The timing of egg hatching aligns closely with crop emergence, juveniles then develop alongside the crop, and adult development occurs by harvest time in late spring. These findings are important given that many of these crops (canola, lucerne, pulses) are vulnerable to attack by F. auricularia during emergence and development. They also suggest a phenotypic capacity of this species to adapt different phenology after introduction into a novel environment. © 2020 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Predation of diaspidid scale insects on kiwifruit vines by European earwigs, Forficula auricularia, and steel-blue ladybirds, Halmus chalybeus

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Cherry damage and the spatial distribution of European earwigs, (Forficula auricularia L.) in sweet cherry trees

Cherry damage and the spatial distribution of European earwigs, (Forficula auricularia L.) in sweet cherry trees

Climate, human influence, and the distribution limits of the invasive European earwig, Forficula auricularia, in Australia

Lifecycle of the invasive omnivore, Forficula auricularia, in Australian grain growing environments

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