Predator avoidance by nauplii

Titelman, Josefin; Kiørboe, Thomas

doi:10.3354/meps247137

Cited by 88 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Because R A strongly depends on prey motility behavior, we calculated R A , and ∆v using behaviorspecific speeds for each of the various species and stages. For each prey species and stage we thus obtained volume encounter kernels for each of these 3 behaviors; β As , β Aw and β Aj (Titelman & Kiørboe 2003b) . Many copepods are capable of switching between an ambush and a feeding current or a cruising foraging strategy (e.g.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The total predator volume encounter rate is now computed as: (11) where τ s , τ j , and τ w are the time fractions spent sinking, jumping and swimming, respectively (Titelman & Kiørboe 2003b).…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Prey size also has direct and indirect influences on predation by both copepods and fish. Size affects both the magnitude of the hydrodynamic signals generated by motility and signal perception , Titelman & Kiørboe 2003b). In addition, escape velocity often increases with size (Mauchline 1998, Titelman & Kiørboe 2003b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Ontogenetic vertical distribution patterns in small copepods: field observations and model predictions

Titelman

Fiksen²

2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigated fine-scale (5m, 4h) species-and stage-specific (N1 to C6) distributions of common copepods at an anchor station in a Swedish fjord during two 24 h periods in October 1997. Generally, both calanoid and cyclopoid nauplii were found near the surface, while copepodids stayed deeper in the water column. No diurnal migration was observed. To analyze the observed distributions, we combined mechanistic models of predation risk from fish and copepods, formulations of temperature-dependent growth and a habitat optimization model, maximizing expected lifetime reproductive output. Motility pattern has implications for encounter rates with copepod predators, and therefore affected optimal vertical positioning in the model. By applying species-and stagespecific motility, and accounting for the ambient copepod predator field, we computed depth profiles of the mortality risk for the observed field situation. Predicted diel and ontogenetic vertical distribution patterns for various levels of fish concentrations were compared with observed distributions, and much of the patterns in the field were explained by the model. While the risk of fish predation governs the deeper habitat selection of the larger copepodids, the risk of copepod predation is probably more important for nauplii and small copepods. In addition, the vertically homogeneous growth profile and dense layers of copepod predators may wipe out potential benefits of diurnal migration.

show abstract

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ontogenetic vertical distribution patterns in small copepods: field observations and model predictions

Titelman

Fiksen²

2004

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Mechanoreceptors are common in planktonic organisms (Singarajah, 1969;Titelman & Kiørboe, 2003;Robinson et al, 2007), including ciliates (Buskey & Stoecker, 1989;Jakobsen, 2001Jakobsen, , 2002Jakobsen et al, 2006) and dinoflagellates (Jakobsen et al, 2006). Different ciliates are reported to respond with long jumps to siphon-simulated feeding currents (Jakobsen, 2001;Fenchel & Hansen, 2006) and to orientate themselves against the current in a siphon flow (Fenchel & Hansen, 2006).…”

Section: Transfer Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Conserving original in situ diversity in microzooplankton grazing set-ups

Löder¹,

Aberle²,

Klaas

et al. 2010

Mar. Biodivers. Rec.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Grazing experiments targeting the determination of in situ grazing rates are standard. In two separate experiments the effect of the frequently used siphon filling technique on the abundance of microzooplankton during the set-up of grazing experiments was investigated and compared to results from an alternative filling method. Hereby, water containing natural communities from Helgoland Roads, Germany (54811.3 ′ N 7854.0 ′ E), was transferred into incubation bottles using a funnel system (funnel-transfer technique (FTT)). The impact of pre-screening with a 200 mm net for excluding larger mesozooplankton grazers from the incubations was evaluated. Results show that the ciliate community was strongly affected by siphoning and pre-screening, leading to significant differences in abundance and Margalef diversity. The most affected ciliates were Lohmanniella oviformis and Myrionecta rubra, both important species in the North Sea. Dinoflagellates did not show any significant response to either siphoning or pre-screening with the exception of one athecate species. Such artificial bias in ciliate assemblages is very problematic for biodiversity consideration and grazing investigations. Simply changing the method of filling during the experimental set-up can ensure the measurement of accurate grazing rates of field abundances of microzooplankton. We thus recommend using conservative filling approaches like the FTT in experiments, especially when sensitive species are present, in order to avoid shifts in the overall microzooplankton community. Furthermore, we recommend introducing a control to evaluate the degree of changes in the target community due to the experimental set-up.

show abstract

“…One of the mechanisms by which copepods are known to avoid fish predators is through the use of powerful escape jumps [19 -22]. These escape jumps are present throughout development [23,24] and can generate speeds of up to 800 mm s 21 and accelerations of up to 200 m s 22 [20]. The interaction of copepods and their natural predators has been investigated in a liquid medium [22,25,26].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plankton reach new heights in effort to avoid predators

et al. 2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The marine environment associated with the air -water interface (neuston) provides an important food source to pelagic organisms where subsurface prey is limited. However, studies on predator -prey interactions within this environment are lacking. Copepods are known to produce strong escape jumps in response to predators, but must contend with a low-Reynolds-number environment where viscous forces limit escape distance. All previous work on copepod interaction with predators has focused on a liquid environment. Here, we describe a novel anti-predator behaviour in two neustonic copepod species, where individuals frequently exit the water surface and travel many times their own body length through air to avoid predators. Using both field recordings with natural predators and high-speed laboratory recordings, we obtain detailed kinematics of this behaviour, and estimate energetic cost associated with this behaviour. We demonstrate that despite losing up to 88 per cent of their initial kinetic energy, copepods that break the water surface travel significantly further than those escaping underwater and successfully exit the perceptive field of the predator. This behaviour provides an effective defence mechanism against subsurface-feeding visual predators and the results provide insight into trophic interactions within the neustonic environment.

show abstract

Predator avoidance by nauplii

Cited by 88 publications

References 34 publications

Ontogenetic vertical distribution patterns in small copepods: field observations and model predictions

Ontogenetic vertical distribution patterns in small copepods: field observations and model predictions

Conserving original in situ diversity in microzooplankton grazing set-ups

Plankton reach new heights in effort to avoid predators

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About