Predictability by Box-Behnken model for carbaryl adsorption by soils of Indian origin

Abstract

This study was undertaken to investigate the adsorption capacity of carbaryl on four Indian soils with different physiochemical properties. A batch adsorption study was carried out in order to evaluate the maximum adsorption capacity of carbaryl using a Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The effects of operating parameter such as initial carbaryl concentration (1-20 mgL⁻¹), adsorbent dosage (0.5-6 g) and contact time (10-180 min) were examined. The proposed quadratic model for Box-Behnken design fits very well to the experimental data because it may be used to navigate design space according to ANOVA results. The regression co-efficient (R²) of the models developed and the results of validation experiments conducted at optimal conditions strongly suggests that the predicted values are in good agreement with experimental results. Contour and response surface plots are used to determine the interactions effects of main factors and optimal conditions of the process. The experiment can be utilized as a guideline for better understanding of carbaryl adsorption onto soil under different operating conditions. The results show that the forest soil is most efficient in binding carbaryl (Sevin) than the other types of soil tested.

Optimization of Adsorption Parameters for Removal of Carbaryl Insecticide Using Neem Bark Dust by Response Surface Methodology

“…x i and x j are the independent variables; and ε is error [22]. A total of 17 experiments were performed in triplicate according to the scheme mentioned in Table 1.…”

“…Therefore, adsorption technique has drawn wide attention of the investigators for the removal of pesticides from contaminated water samples [16][17][18][19][20]. In this perspective, intense research interest has been generated for exploring cost-effective, ecofriendly, and easily available adsorbent particularly of biological origin [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”

“…Carbaryl (1-naphthyl methyl carbamate) is widely used as an insecticide on fruits, vegetables, cotton, forages, and other crops in many countries [22]. Carbaryl kills beneficial insects, e.g., honey bees, crustaceans, and earthworms [24].…”

“…In most of the adsorption studies, the effects of individual parameters on the adsorption process have been investigated by keeping the level of other operating factors constant [16,22]. In those cases, to establish the optimum levels, a large number of variable experiments were required to be executed [36].…”

“…It explains the influence of several operating parameters to the output with proper explanation [37]. Presently, it is a widely applied technique in different adsorption studies [16,22,23,35,36,38]. The prime intention of using RSM is to attain lesser process variability, yield of higher amount, and better authentications of output response within a short period of time [36].…”