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In this work, adsorption of carbaryl from aqueous solution on Pistia stratiotes biomass was investigated. The effects of operating parameters such as initial concentration, pH, adsorbent dose and contact time on the adsorption of carbaryl were analyzed using response surface methodology. The proposed quadratic model for central composite design fitted very well to the experimental data that it could be used to navigate the design space according to analysis of variance results. Response surface plots were used to determine the interaction effects of main factors and optimum conditions of the process. The optimum adsorption conditions were found to be initial carbaryl concentration = 15.57 mg L-1 , pH 2.01, adsorbent dose = 0.72 g and contact time = 30 min. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were applied to the equilibrium data. The maximum biosorption capacity of P. stratiotes biomass for carbaryl was found to be 3.1 mg g-1. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model described the carbaryl biosorption process with a good fitting.

This study was undertaken to investigate the adsorption capacity of carbaryl on four Indian soils with different physiochemical properties. A batch adsorption study was carried out in order to evaluate the maximum adsorption capacity of carbaryl using a Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The effects of operating parameter such as initial carbaryl concentration (1-20 mgL⁻¹), adsorbent dosage (0.5-6 g) and contact time (10-180 min) were examined. The proposed quadratic model for Box-Behnken design fits very well to the experimental data because it may be used to navigate design space according to ANOVA results. The regression co-efficient (R²) of the models developed and the results of validation experiments conducted at optimal conditions strongly suggests that the predicted values are in good agreement with experimental results. Contour and response surface plots are used to determine the interactions effects of main factors and optimal conditions of the process. The experiment can be utilized as a guideline for better understanding of carbaryl adsorption onto soil under different operating conditions. The results show that the forest soil is most efficient in binding carbaryl (Sevin) than the other types of soil tested.

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