Predicted 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in the Islamic Republic of Iran and the body mass index paradox

Emamian, Mohammad Hassan; Hashemi, Hassan; Fotouhi, Akbar

doi:10.26719/emhj.20.012

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Metabolic syndrome (MS) refers to a group of many disorders such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, inflammation, hypertension, obesity, and hepatic steatosis (Moller & Kaufman, 2005). It was reported that 9.9% of North Indians men and 42% of Iranian women are at risk for the disease which is identified as a threat to the health of the community (Emamian et al., 2020). The prevalence of MS is high in developed countries and is rising in developing countries (Saklayen, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The combination of ginger powder and zinc supplement improves the fructose‐induced metabolic syndrome in rats by modulating the hepatic expression of NF‐κB, mTORC1, PPAR‐α SREBP‐1c, and Nrf2

Mustafa

Ali

et al. 2020

J. Food Biochem.

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Although studies have shown that ginger, as an herbal remedy and zinc are able to improve inflammation, oxidative stress, autophagy, and metabolism of lipid and glucose, their molecular mechanisms are unknown. Therefore, this study was aimed to examine the therapeutic effects of ginger with zinc supplement for eight weeks on fructose-induced metabolic syndrome (MS). Ninety-six adult male Sprague Dawley rats (220 g ± 20) were randomly assigned to twelve controlled and treated groups. After the last treatment session, the level of lipid profiles, glucose, insulin, and leptin as metabolic factors and liver enzymes as biomarkers to evaluate liver function in serum were measured. The level of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation to evaluate the oxidative status and the TNF-α level as a biomarker to assess the state of inflammation in liver were also measured. The level of zinc along with the expression of NF-κB, mTORC1, PPAR-α, SREBP-1c, and Nrf2 in liver was also evaluated. The level of metabolic factors and liver enzymes in serum along with lipid peroxidation and TNF-α in liver increased; zinc and antioxidant enzymes levels decreased in rats with MS compared to control rats (p < .05). The hepatic expression of SREBP-1c, NF-κB and mTORC1 were upregulated and the expression of PPAR-α and Nrf2 were downregulated in rats with MS compared to control rats (p < .05). Treatment with different doses of ginger, zinc, and the combination of them could improve metabolic, inflammatory oxidative stress factors, and expression of the above genes in rats with MS compared to the MS group (p < .05). It can be concluded that ginger, zinc, and the combination of them could improve oxidative damage, inflammation, and autophagy induced by fructose and could adjust the glucose and lipid metabolism and the homeostasis of zinc in rats with MS. Practical applications Due to the increasing prevalence of metabolic diseases, the use of plant compounds such as ginger has attracted widespread attention. Ginger as an herbal remedy with predominant pharmacological properties due to its availability, cheapness, and lack of side effects is also very popular for the treatment of metabolic disorders in folk How to cite this article:

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The combination of ginger powder and zinc supplement improves the fructose‐induced metabolic syndrome in rats by modulating the hepatic expression of NF‐κB, mTORC1, PPAR‐α SREBP‐1c, and Nrf2

Mustafa

Ali

et al. 2020

J. Food Biochem.

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“…3 The mean 10-year risk of developing CVD in Iran was 16.4%, and 28.3% of the participants had a risk of more than 20% (47.8% of the men and 14.9% of the women). 4 Non-modifiable risk factors include age, gender, genetics, and family history; modifiable risk factors include smoking, diet, alcohol consumption, and physical inactivity. 5 Hypertension is well recognised as a global health issue.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of educational intervention in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in patients with hypertension with application of health belief model: A quasi-experimental study

Mohammadkhah,

Shamsalinia,

Rajabi

et al. 2023

JRSM Cardiovascular Disease

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Background The best methods for preventing and controlling cardiovascular diseases are preventive behaviours. Aim The purpose of the current study is to ascertain how educational intervention affects cardiovascular disease prevention. Methods The current investigation is a quasi-experimental study conducted in Shiraz, Iran, in the year 2022, focusing on 200 hypertension patients (by sample random sampling) that were divided into two groups: a control group consisting of 100 participants (63 males and 37 females) and an intervention group also consisting of 100 participants (58 males and 42 females). The data collection instrument comprises inquiries pertaining to demographic factors as well as constructs of the health belief model (HBM) and preventive behaviours for cardiovascular diseases. The participants in both groups completed the questionnaire prior to and three months after the intervention. The intervention group underwent a total of six training sessions, each lasting 55 min. Results The results showed that after the intervention, the intervention group showed a significant increase in all cues of the HBM model except for the perceived barriers. Following a period of three months subsequent to the educational intervention, the experimental group also exhibited a notable reduction in blood pressure in comparison to the control group. Conclusion The findings of the study indicate that the utilisation of the HBM demonstrated positive outcomes in facilitating the promotion of cardiovascular disease prevention among patients diagnosed with hypertension. The promotion of health among individuals with high blood pressure can be both beneficial and feasible. Moreover, this particular model can be utilised as a comprehensive framework for the development, execution, and evaluation of advantageous and effective healthcare initiatives.

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“…The FRS algorithm considers multiple sex-specific risk factors such as age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), smoking habit, diabetes status and antihypertensive medication treatment 5. This valuable CVD risk prediction model has been widely used in both developed and developing countries 7. The FRS can improve the quality of care for hypertensive patients and ultimately help reduce the CVD burden.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association of fruit and vegetable intake with predicted 10-year cardiovascular disease risk among hypertensive patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

Mekonene,

Gebremedhin,

Bikila

et al. 2023

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveIn low-income countries, such as Ethiopia, few studies have evaluated the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among hypertensive patients. We assessed the 10-year CVD risk of hypertensive patients.DesignThis cross-sectional study was part of a larger survey conducted in Addis Ababa. The 10-year CVD risk was calculated using the Framingham Risk Score (FRS) algorithm based on seven sex-specific risk factors as well as a country-specific Globorisk score. Fruits and vegetables (FV) consumption, salt intake and stress levels were measured with 24-hour dietary recall, INTERSALT equation and Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale, respectively. A multiple linear regression model was fitted to explore the association.SettingAddis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021.ParticipantsA sample of 191 patients diagnosed with hypertension.Outcome measuresPredicted 10-year cardiovascular risk of hypertensive patients.ResultsA total of 42.4%, 27.7% and 29.8% of hypertensive patients were at low, moderate and high CVD risks, respectively. The majority (80.1%) of patients consumed inadequate FV, 95.7% consumed salt >5 g/day and 58.1% had moderate to high-stress levels. There was a substantial agreement between the FRS and Globorisk prediction models (weighted kappa 0.77). In the unadjusted model, FV consumption (>450 g/day) and total fruit intake in the highest tertile were associated with 14.2% and 6.7% lower CVD risk, respectively. After adjusting for lifestyle factors, increasing FV intake from 120 to 450 g/day was significantly related to 11.1%–15.2% lower CVD risk in a dose–response manner. Additionally, total fruit, but not total vegetable intake in the highest tertile, was significantly associated with decreased CVD risk.ConclusionWe found a high prevalence of CVD risk among hypertensive patients. High FV consumption was inversely associated with CVD risk. This suggests that patients should be advised to increase FV intake to minimise CVD risk.

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Predicted 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in the Islamic Republic of Iran and the body mass index paradox

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

The combination of ginger powder and zinc supplement improves the fructose‐induced metabolic syndrome in rats by modulating the hepatic expression of NF‐κB, mTORC1, PPAR‐α SREBP‐1c, and Nrf2

The combination of ginger powder and zinc supplement improves the fructose‐induced metabolic syndrome in rats by modulating the hepatic expression of NF‐κB, mTORC1, PPAR‐α SREBP‐1c, and Nrf2

The effect of educational intervention in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in patients with hypertension with application of health belief model: A quasi-experimental study

Association of fruit and vegetable intake with predicted 10-year cardiovascular disease risk among hypertensive patients in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study

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