“…Moreover, some countries have been responding to internal rapid urbanization through international land development, which has been identified as having negative consequences both on environment and society (Su, Jiang, Zhang, & Zhang, 2011;Messerli, Giger, Dwyer, Breu, & Eckert, 2014;Lambin & Meyfroidt, 2010). Land use science (Feranec, Jaffrain, Soukup, & Hazeu, 2010) and modelling (Basse, Omrani, Charif, Gerber, & Bódis, 2014) have made impressive progress in producing more accurate results, at larger scales (Haney & Cohen, 2015;Sohl et al, 2012), and with higher spatial-temporal resolution (Bhaskaran, Paramananda, & Ramnarayan, 2010;Tavares, Pato, & Magalhães, 2012;Soares Machado et al, 2014). However, the effectiveness of policies implemented to regulate land use change, and how and at which spatial scale these policies should be implemented for sustainability targets (He et al, 2013;Hewitt & Escobar, 2011) have only recently engaged scientific research and such questions have not been approached systematically with spatially explicit data (Stürck, Schulp, & Verburg, 2015).…”