Predicting ACL Rupture in the Population Actively Engaged in Sports Activities Based on Anatomical Risk Factors

Abstract

The purposes of this article were identification (ie, verification and gradation) of anatomical risk factors that lead to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and determination of the probability of ACL injury among the population actively engaged in sports activities. We evaluated 66 patients divided into 2 groups: 33 patients in the examined group diagnosed with ACL lesion, and 33 patients in the control group diagnosed with patellofemoral pain. Patients were matched by age, sex, type of lesion, and whether the lesion was left or right sided. Measurements were carried out by radiography and magnetic resonance imaging. The study examined 32 anatomical factors. After identifying factors that lead to ACL injury, the following were determined: the coefficient of significance for each individual factor via the discriminant analysis and the canonical discriminant (i.e., canonical correlation). Fifteen factors in men and 8 factors in women were differentiated as having influence on ACL injury. Based on these factors, it was determined whether the patients belonged to the examined or the control group with a success rate of 100% in men (100% sensitivity and specificity) and 91.7% in women (100% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity). The anatomy of the ACL prone to rupture and of the skeletal structures influencing it is significantly different from the anatomy of the ACL ligament resistant to injury. The probability of precise prognosis of ACL injury based on differentiated anatomical factors is 88.9% in men and 75.7% in women actively engaged in sports activities.

External loads associated with anterior cruciate ligament injuries increase the correlation between tibial slope and ligament strain during in vitro simulations of in vivo landings

“…In studies where tibial slope was measured via MRI, mean MPTS ranged from 4.1-9.5° in healthy controls and 4.7-10.6° in ACL injured subjects. 12, 23, 32, 33, 54, 58, 64 Similarly, mean LPTS ranged from 2.6-9.0° in controls and 4.6-11.5° in ACL injured subjects. The injured subjects had a steeper MPTS by 0.7 (1.1)° and steeper LPTS by 2.0 (1.0)° The mean MPTS of 6.5° and LPTS of 6.6° in the present study fall within the midrange of healthy controls.…”

Hamstrings and Quadriceps Muscles Function in Subjects with Prior ACL Reconstruction Surgery

“…This study only focused on female subjects, in part due to the available research subject pool [17]. As previously stated, females are more likely than males to suffer from a knee injury, most specifically a torn ACL [5,[25][26][27][28]. The sex of the subject may also play a role in their recovery following reconstructive surgery, but more research remains in this area [29].…”

Prediction of Kinematic and Kinetic Performance in a Drop Vertical Jump with Individual Anthropometric Factors in Adolescent Female Athletes: Implications for Cadaveric Investigations

“…The presented models’ inability to account for variance in prediction may be a result of their single independent variable format. Previously developed ACL injury risk prediction nomograms rely upon five 21,22 and 15 30 variables to derive their calculations with high sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, the weak r 2 values in the current study may indicate that models based on single independent variables may be too oversimplified to accurately predict kinematic and kinetic values.…”