Predicting bone mineral density of postmenopausal healthy and cirrhotic Italian women using age and body mass index

Abstract

The objective of the present report was to develop mathematical prediction formulae for the lumbar spine, pelvis and total bone mineral density (BMD) based on the osteoporosis risk factors age and BMI in healthy and cirrhotic postmenopausal women. The study population comprised 20 postmenopausal cirrhotic women (late PM cirrhotic women), 20 postmenopausal healthy women matched for age and BMI (late PM healthy women), and 19 younger postmenopausal healthy women matched for BMI (early PM healthy women). Segmental and total bone mineral content and BMD, total bone-free lean body mass and total fat mass were measured for all women using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). The prediction formulae for late PM cirrhotic women had higher cumulative correlation coefficients ( r=0.71, p=0.05 for spine BMD, r=0.84, p=0.013 for pelvis BMD, and r=0.89, p=0.004 for total BMD) than those for early PM healthy women ( r=0.64, p=0.015 for spine BMD, r=0.69, p=0.002 for pelvis BMD, and r=0.62, p=0.022 for total BMD) and late PM healthy women ( r=0.29, p=NS for spine BMD, r=0.39, p=NS for pelvis BMD, and r=0.54, p=NS for total BMD). The mathematical formulae based on the variables age and BMI were capable of predicting lumbar spine BMD, pelvis BMD, and total BMD by DXA for the three groups of postmenopausal women.

Bone density, microarchitecture and stiffness in Caucasian and Caribbean Hispanic postmenopausal American women

“… 51 BMI was found to be significantly correlated with aBMD. 52 Putman et al 53 also found the differences in radius cortical thickness and tibia bone size between patient with cystic fibrosis and controls were from BMI. In this study, to eliminate the BMI effect and examine the underlying bone microstructural and mechanical differences between Hispanic and Caucasian women, we incorporated BMI as covariant in the general linear model.…”

Postmenopausal Osteoporosis: The Role of Immune System Cells

“…Several risk factors are implicated in favoring postmenopausal bone loss. Important nonmodifiable predictors of bone demineralization are age, sex, period of amenorrhea [31, 32], and parental history of fracture [33]. Important modifiable factors are dietary calcium intake [34, 35], low body mass index [31, 36, 37], smoking [38–40], reduced physical activity [41, 42], and high alcohol intake [43].…”

Prevalence of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis in Italy and Validation of Decision Rules for Referring Women for Bone Densitometry

“…There is a well established relationship between bone mineral density (BMD) and the ability of bone to withstand trauma, such that 60-70% of the variance in bone strength depends on BMD [4][5][6]. Fracture risk increases 1.5-3 fold for each standard deviation (SD) fall in BMD [4]; osteoporosis was defined on the basis of bone mineral density (BMD) assessment by the WHO in 1994 [7], so the assessment of this parameter is still a crucial point for the diagnosis of osteoporosis, nevertheless there are poor data in literature about osteoporosis prevalence as diagnosed by bone densitometry [8][9][10][11][12].…”

“…Several risk factors, both modifiable or not, are implied in favouring postmenopausal bone loss. Among non-modifiable factors important predictors of bone demineralization are: age, sex, period of amenorrhea [8,9] and parental history of fracture [10]. Important modifiable factors are: dietary calcium intake [11][12][13][14][15][16], low body mass index [8,17,18], smoking [19][20][21], reduced physical activity [22,23], and high alcohol intake [24,25], nevertheless their role in determining who should have BMD measurement is yet poorly validated.…”