Predicting consideration of cosmetic surgery in a college population: A continuum of body image disturbance and the importance of coping strategies

Callaghan, Glenn M.; Lopez, Albertina; Wong, Lily; Northcross, Jasalynne; Anderson, Kristina

doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2011.04.002

Cited by 43 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…This is consistent with other research whereby cosmetic surgery is viewed as a means to enhance their self-esteem and improve their social and career potential (e.g., Callaghan et al, 2011;Calogero et al, 2010;Henderson-King & Henderson-King, 2005;Sarwer & Crerand, 2004). However, what is most interesting is that hypercompetitiveness was shown to be a better predictor of cosmetic surgery acceptance than body dysphoria.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Such pressures, both external and internal, may create an onerous burden for women and further exacerbate their feeling inadequate, anxious, and even depressed about their appearance and/or body when they do not measure up to these idealized cultural standards. As such, the emphasis on women's appearance may not only contribute to the overrepresentation of women for body-image disorders and eating disorders (Derenne & Beresin, 2006;Striegel-Moore & Cachelin, 1999;Veale, 2004), but also to increased acceptance and consideration of cosmetic surgery in order to enhance their self-esteem and improve their social and career potential (Callaghan, Lopez, Wong, Northcross, & Anderson, 2011;Calogero, Pina, Park, & Rahemtulla, 2010;Henderson-King & Brooks, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Competitive Orientations and Women’s Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery

Thornton¹,

Ryckman²,

Gold³

2013

PSYCH

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Women are presumed to compete intrasexually primarily on the basis of physical attractiveness. As such, in efforts to enhance their appearance, women may strive to achieve unrealistic cultural ideals of attractiveness promulgated in the media with potentially negative implications (e.g., body dysmorphic disorder, eating disorders, and cosmetic surgery). The present study considered the implications of two forms of competitive orientation on women's acceptance of cosmetic surgery. Findings indicated that a hypercompetitive orientation (psychologically unhealthy) was a better predictor of acceptance of cosmetic surgery than body dysmorphia. Personal development competitiveness (psychologically healthy) was not related to either body dysmorphia or cosmetic surgery acceptance. Implication of these results and direction for further research are considered.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Competitive Orientations and Women’s Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery

Thornton¹,

Ryckman²,

Gold³

2013

PSYCH

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“…Kaminski and Magee (2013) showed that reading about protagonists with low body esteem predicted increased weight concerns among college women. Moreover, media influence is a significant predictor of consideration of cosmetic surgery (Swami 2009) and increasing numbers of cosmetic surgeries linked with body image disturbances have been observed (Callaghan et al 2011). The ideal promoted excessively in media contributes heavily to body image.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Would You Be Happier If You Looked Better? A Focusing Illusion

et al. 2014

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Some people might believe that individuals who are more satisfied with their body are also happier. However, people tend to overrate the influence of some factors (e.g. money or health) on their happiness; a phenomenon termed the focusing illusion. Our aim was to examine the focusing illusion in relation to body satisfaction. We experimentally manipulated body satisfaction and life satisfaction focus by varying the order of relevant measurement scales. Volunteers (N = 97) completed two questionnaires placed in separate envelopes to control the order of scales administration. Participants either completed the Body Satisfaction Scale followed by the Satisfaction with Life Scale or vice versa. In line with the focusing illusion the association between body satisfaction and life satisfaction was significantly stronger when participants were asked about their body satisfaction first. Body satisfaction as a focusing illusion may need to be considered by scientist as well as lay people who try to look better and be happier.

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“…Participants received university course credit without any other compensation. This study was part of a larger research effort; see Callaghan, Lopez, Wong, Northcross, & Anderson (2011) for further methodological details.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

An empirical model of body image disturbance using behavioral principles found in Functional Analytic Psychotherapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy.

Callaghan¹,

Duenas²,

Nadeau³

et al. 2012

International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy

Self Cite

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The literature examining body image disturbance and Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is fraught with competing theoretical constructions of the etiology and nosology of these problems. Recent studies on various forms of psychopathology suggest that intrapersonal processes, including experiential avoidance, and interpersonal processes such as difficulties identifying and expressing emotions with others, correlate with higher levels of psychopathology. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship of body image disturbance and diagnosable BDD to the contemporary behavioral variables of experiential avoidance and interpersonal expression of affect. A large sample of participants including those who are diagnosable with BDD were examined. Results indicate that both intrapersonal and interpersonal variables are significant predictors of both body image disturbance in a large population and of BDD as a subsample and that these variables may be important targets for treatment. This principle-based conceptualization has parsimony and potential utility for clinical interventions of these problems. Implications are discussed for the use of contemporary behavioral treatments such as Functional Analytic Psychotherapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to address both body image disturbance and BDD. KeywordsBody image disturbance; body dysmorphic disorder; Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP); Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT); assessmentThe concept of body image disturbance encompasses a variety of psychological factors including general body dissatisfaction, distressing emotions over one's body image, overinvestment in one's appearance, and poorer quality of life (Cash & Grasso, 2005;Cash, Phillips, Santos, & Hrabosky, 2004). Cash and colleagues (2004) propose that body image disturbance lies on a continuum where less severe negative body image can be considered body image dissatisfaction, while the extreme end of the continuum contains greater distress consistent with Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD). BDD is characterized by an excessive (DSM-IV-TR; APA, 2000), BDD is present if these criteria are met and cannot be attributed to an eating or other psychological disorder. Aside from preoccupation and impairment in functioning, typical characteristics demonstrated by individuals suffering from BDD include concern about several body parts, high frequency of suicidal thoughts and attempts, and comorbidity with other disorders (Phillips, Menard, Fay, & Weisberg, 2005).Prevalence rates for BDD have been examined for different populations and range from 0.7 to 1.1% in community samples (Faravelli et al., 1997;Otto, Wilhelm, Cohen, & Harlow, 2001;Phillips et al., 2005). College student samples have slightly higher rates (ranging from 4.8 -13%; Biby, 1998;Bohne et al., 2002;Cansever, Uzun, Donmez, &Ozsahin, 2003), andPhillips et al. (2005) found similarly elevated rates (13%) among psychiatric inpatients. The prevalence of BDD is likely higher but may be underreported for a variety of reasons including ...

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Predicting consideration of cosmetic surgery in a college population: A continuum of body image disturbance and the importance of coping strategies

Cited by 43 publications

References 32 publications

Competitive Orientations and Women’s Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery

Competitive Orientations and Women’s Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery

Would You Be Happier If You Looked Better? A Focusing Illusion

An empirical model of body image disturbance using behavioral principles found in Functional Analytic Psychotherapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy.

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