Predicting invasions: alternative models of human‐mediated dispersal and interactions between dispersal network structure and Allee effects

Abstract

Summary1. Human-mediated dispersal has been shown to be the most important vector for the spread of invasive species, yet there has been little evaluation of alternative models of dispersal in terms of differences in their predictions of invasion patterns. Moreover, no analyses have been attempted to elucidate the potential interaction between alternative models of humanmediated dispersal and population dynamical characteristics, such as Allee effects, which are central to the probability of an invasion. 2. Two prominent models in the literature which have previously been employed to predict human movement patterns are explored: (i) gravity models, which use the attractiveness of and distance to a location to predict travel patterns, and (ii) random utility models, which assume that individuals decide where to travel by maximizing the benefits that they receive according to some partially observable function of individual and site characteristics. 3. While distinction is often drawn between them in the literature, we demonstrate that these two approaches can be reduced to alternative functional forms describing the trip-taking decisions of individuals. 4. Each model was empirically parameterized using a survey of recreational boaters in Ontario, Canada. Within each model, both boater-and site-specific characteristics were important and the functional form provided by the gravity model was significantly better at capturing the behaviour of recreationalboaters. 5. Synthesis and applications. The dispersal and establishment of species into novel habitats are central components of the invasion process and of quantitative risk assessments. However, predictions are dependent on the estimated spatial structure of the dispersal network and its potential interactions with species characteristics. This study demonstrates that Allee effects can interact with dispersal network structure to significantly alter predicted spread rates and that the consequences of these interactions manifest differently at the system and site levels. This modelling framework can be used to inform management interventions aimed at modifying human-mediated dispersal to reduce the spread of invasive species.

A hybrid gravity and route choice model to assess vector traffic in large-scale road networks

“…The R 2 -value we determined for the variance-corrected boater counts at survey locations (0.73 for the validation data) exceeded similar metrics obtained for gravity models previously. For example, Chivers & Leung [17] obtained a value of 0.58 for a model estimating the boater inflow to 781 lakes in Ontario, Canada, and Drake and Mandrak [11] obtained a value of 0.48 for counts of angler trips between 207 origins and 407 destinations in Ontario.…”

Recreational freshwater fishing drives non‐native aquatic species richness patterns at a continental scale

“…In addition, the secondary spread of established NAS has been strongly linked to recreational vectors such as boating and sport fishing, through mechanisms including hull and equipment fouling and bait transfer (Rothlisberger, Chadderton, McNulty, & Lodge, ; Clarke Murray, Pakhomov, & Therriault, ; Nathan, Jerde, Budny, & Mahon, ). Unfortunately, because they generally rely on costly surveys of boaters for data collection, efforts to understand the role of recreational activity in driving freshwater invasions have been conducted on limited scales, primarily targeting risk assessment for particular invasive species (Buchan & Padilla, ; Bossenbroek, Kraft, & Nekole, ; Wittmann, Kendall, Jerde, & Anderson, ) or focusing on development of regional models (Muirhead & Macisaac, ; Leung, Bossenbroek, & Lodge, ; Chivers, Leung, & Matthiopoulos, ). Similar limitations exist for continental‐scale NAS distribution data.…”

Meta-Analysis of Exotic Forages as Invasive Plants in Complex Multi-Functioning Landscapes

“…When these cultivars are marketed it leads to broad dispersion of propagules, an influential factor in the spread and infilling of invasive plants (Warren et al 2013). These anthropogenic selection and dispersion pathways violate the assumptions of ecological diffusion models for the introduction and spread of nonnative species (Chivers and Leung 2012;Skellam 1951).…”