“…From a practical point of view, if further development to the advanced ego stages were possible, then its facilitation would enable a greater number of adults to experience the advantages found to be associated with advanced ego stage functioning. These advantages include greater competence and health of marital interaction style among couples (Zilbermann, 1984); among mothers, higher levels of nurturance, support, and understanding of infant children (Biekle, 1979;Dayton, 1981) and affective enabling of adolescent daughters (Hauser, Powers, & Noam, 1991); higher levels of competence, more effective problem definition, and more use of collaborative decision making among managers (Bushe & Gibbs, 1990;Merron, 1986;Smith, 1980); and higher levels of physical selfcare among the aged (Gast, 1984;Michaelson, 1985). The theoretical and research literature provides little clarification regarding the question of whether advanced ego development can and does occur in adulthood.…”