OBJECTIVEIdentifying glucokinase monogenic diabetes (GCK-MODY) in pregnancy is important, as management is different from management for other forms of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and there is no increased maternal risk of type 2 diabetes. We calculated the population prevalence of GCK-MODY in pregnancy and determined the clinical characteristics that differentiate pregnant women with GCK-MODY from those with GDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSWe calculated the population prevalence of GCK-MODY in pregnancy by testing a subset of patients from the population-based Atlantic Diabetes in Pregnancy (Atlantic DIP) study (n = 5,500). We sequenced for GCK mutations in 247 women with a fasting glucose ‡5.1 mmol/L and 109 randomly selected control subjects with normal fasting glucose. Using data from the cases found and 40 previously identified GCK-MODY pregnancies, we analyzed whether clinical criteria could be used to differentiate GCK-MODY from GDM. RESULTSFour women with fasting glucose ‡5.1 mmol/L were diagnosed with GCK-MODY. No cases were identified with normal fasting glucose. The population prevalence of GCK-MODY is 1.1 in 1,000 (95% CI 0.3-2.9 in 1,000) and prevalence in GDM is 0.9% (95% CI 0.3-2.3). Fasting glucose and BMI significantly differentiate GCK-MODY from GDM (P < 0.0001). Combined criteria of BMI <25 kg/m 2 and fasting glucose ‡5.5 mmol/L has a sensitivity 68%, specificity 96%, and number needed to test of 2.7 women with GDM to find one case of GCK-MODY. CONCLUSIONSOur large population cohort of pregnant women tested estimates the population prevalence of GCK-MODY of 1.1 in 1,000. We have shown routine clinical criteria that can identify which women should be tested for GCK-MODY in pregnancy.

Phase I of this study was designed to inform the development of a range of responses to hazardous and harmful amphetamine use. Research techniques from Rapid Assessment Methodology (RAM) were utilized to collect data. A survey of current amphetamine users included the Short Form 36 (SF36) Health Status Questionnaire, for which South Australian population norms were published in 1995. This facilitated comparisons of the health of this sample of amphetamine users with that of the general population. The sample were found to have significantly poorer health than the general population. The self-reported prevalence of mental health problems in the sample was consistent with previous Australian research on amphetamine use. Approximately one-third of the sample reported that they had experienced symptoms of anxiety, depression, mood swings and aggressive outbursts prior to their use of amphetamines. Two-thirds of the sample reported symptoms of anxiety and depression since starting to use amphetamines, almost half reported mood swings and aggressive outbursts, and over a third reported panic attacks and paranoia. One of the most important findings was a strong association between mental and physical health problems and the severity of dependence on amphetamines. The implications of these results for interventions with amphetamine users are discussed.

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This study was designed as a needs assessment for interventions to respond to hazardous and harmful amphetamine use, including options for treatment. Research techniques from Rapid Assessment Methodology (RAM) were utilized to collect data. This included a survey of 100 amphetamine users, from which the data for the current paper has been drawn. This paper is focused on the characteristics of those who had sought information and help in the sample, and on those who were dependent on amphetamine and who felt they needed treatment, in comparison to those who were also dependent but did not feel the need for treatment. Findings in regard to treatment‐seekers were largely consistent with previous Australian and overseas research, and thus underscore the importance of considering psychological morbidity, both prior and subsequent to amphetamine use, in treatment settings for amphetamine users. Having previously sought general information about amphetamines, safer drug use and blood‐borne diseases was best predicted by higher sexual risk‐taking and poorer physical functioning. Having previously sought help for an amphetamine‐related concern or problem was best predicted by higher severity of dependence on amphetamines and poorer social functioning. Peers were considered to be important sources of information and help, as were GPs. In developing interventions for amphetamine users, consideration should be given to the characteristics of those who seek particular types of assistance.