Predicting reading performance from neuroimaging profiles: The cerebral basis of phonological effects in printed word identification.

Kr, Pugh; Ba, Shaywitz; Se, Shaywitz; Dp, Shankweiler; Katz, Leonard; Jm, Fletcher; Skudlarski, Pawel; Rk, Fulbright; Rt, Constable; Ra, Bronen; Lacadie, Cheryl; Jc, Gore

doi:10.1037/0096-1523.23.2.299

Cited by 91 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…In the other half, the standard and target differed (e.g., the standard ''Eeee'' followed by the target ''eeeE''). A similar task was used by Pugh (Pugh et al, 1996;Pugh et al, 1997). Target stimuli were presented once in the RVF and once in the LVF.…”

Section: Visual Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateralization effects during semantic and rhyme judgement tasks in deaf and hearing subjects

D'Hondt¹,

Leybaert²

2003

Brain and Language

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A visual hemifield experiment investigated hemispheric specialization among hearing children and adults and prelingually, profoundly deaf youngsters who were exposed intensively to Cued Speech (CS). Of interest was whether deaf CS users, who undergo a development of phonology and grammar of the spoken language similar to that of hearing youngsters, would display similar laterality patterns in the processing of written language. Semantic, rhyme, and visual judgement tasks were used. In the visual task no VF advantage was observed. A RVF (left hemisphere) advantage was obtained for both the deaf and the hearing subjects for the semantic task, supporting NevilleÕs claim that the acquisition of competence in the grammar of language is critical in establishing the specialization of the left hemisphere for language. For the rhyme task, however, a RVF advantage was obtained for the hearing subjects, but not for the deaf ones, suggesting that different neural resources are recruited by deaf and hearing subjects. Hearing the sounds of language may be necessary to develop left lateralised processing of rhymes.

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Section: Visual Taskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateralization effects during semantic and rhyme judgement tasks in deaf and hearing subjects

D'Hondt¹,

Leybaert²

2003

Brain and Language

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“…These effects are thought to reflect the operation of phonological recoding, in that the results of orthographic-to-phonologic conversion rules and the results of direct lexical access are in conflict for irregular items, resulting in extended response times. Pugh et al (1997) found that the amount of right hemisphere activation during phonological processing was related to the size of regularity effects on a lexical decision task performed independently outside the scanner: Significant regularity effects were only found in subjects who exhibited bilateral inferior frontal activation. Effects of word length, which are also thought to reflect the operation of (serial) conversion rules, were also greater in subjects with greater right hemisphere activation.…”

Section: Right Hemisphere Activationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pugh et al (1997) suggest that the two hemispheres may differ in the ''grain size'' of their processing, with the right hemisphere processing relatively small phonological units (such as individual phonemes) and the left hemisphere processing relatively large units (such as syllable onsets and rimes). The results of the present study suggest that the grain size of phonological processing in the right hemisphere may be larger than a single phoneme, since significant right hemisphere activation was found during performance of a task that required attention to larger phonological features.…”

Section: Right Hemisphere Activationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study by Pugh et al (1997) examined the relationship between lateralization of phonological processing using fMRI and regularity effects on lexical decision in the same subjects. Regularity effects refer to greater difficulty on a lexical decision task for irregular words, which do not follow orthographic-to-phonologic conversion rules (e.g.…”

Section: Right Hemisphere Activationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional Specialization for Semantic and Phonological Processing in the Left Inferior Prefrontal Cortex

et al. 1999

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Neuroimaging and neuropsychological studies have implicated left inferior prefrontal cortex (LIPC) in both semantic and phonological processing. In this study, functional magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine whether separate LIPC regions participate in each of these types of processing. Performance of a semantic decision task resulted in extensive LIPC activation compared to a perceptual control task. Phonological processing of words and pseudowords in a syllable-counting task resulted in activation of the dorsal aspect of the left inferior frontal gyrus near the inferior frontal sulcus (BA 44/45) compared to a perceptual control task, with greater activation for nonwords compared to words. In a direct comparison of semantic and phonological tasks, semantic processing preferentially activated the ventral aspect of the left inferior frontal gyrus (BA 47/45). A review of the literature demonstrated a similar distinction between left prefrontal regions involved in semantic processing and phonological/lexical processing. The results suggest that a distinct region in the left inferior frontal cortex is involved in semantic processing, whereas other regions may subserve phonological processes engaged during both semantic and phonological tasks.

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“…Neuroimaging literature provides evidence of normal sex differences in region-specific structural brain volumes (Goldstein et al 2001;Harasty et al 1997;Schlaepfer et al 1995) and function (Baxter et al 2003;Goldstein et al 2005;Kansaku et al 2000;Pugh et al 1997;Shaywitz et al 1995) that implicates sex differences in the neuroanatomic organization of language. Specifically, superior temporal gyrus (STG) [including planum temporale (PT)] and inferior frontal gyrus [Broca's area (BA)] tend to be larger in women than men relative to cerebrum size (Goldstein et al 2001;Harasty et al 1997).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuroanatomic substrates of sex differences in language dysfunction in schizophrenia: A pilot study

Walder

Seidman

Makris

et al. 2007

Schizophrenia Research

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Objective-This pilot study investigated whether our previous findings of disrupted normal sexual brain dimorphisms in language-associated regions in schizophrenia were linked with our previously reported sex differences in language dysfunction in schizophrenia.Method-Nineteen adults with schizophrenia and 15 normal comparisons were tested on phonology, semantics and grammar and underwent structural MRI.Results-Among males, left hippocampal and left planum temporale (PT) abnormalities were associated with phonological, semantic and grammar deficits, accounting for 17-52% and 27-33%, respectively, of variance in diagnostic group differences. Anterior cingulate gyrus was significantly associated with semantics. Among females, right Heschl's Gyrus (HG) and left PT were significantly associated with phonology, right HG with semantics and grammar and right hippocampus with semantics.Conclusions-These preliminary findings suggest disrupted sexual brain dimorphisms in schizophrenia are associated with sex-specific language deficits, and left hippocampal abnormalities, in particular, contribute to language dysfunction among men. Abnormalities in right cortical temporal regions showed stronger associations with language dysfunction among females.

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Predicting reading performance from neuroimaging profiles: The cerebral basis of phonological effects in printed word identification.

Cited by 91 publications

References 86 publications

Lateralization effects during semantic and rhyme judgement tasks in deaf and hearing subjects

Lateralization effects during semantic and rhyme judgement tasks in deaf and hearing subjects

Functional Specialization for Semantic and Phonological Processing in the Left Inferior Prefrontal Cortex

Neuroanatomic substrates of sex differences in language dysfunction in schizophrenia: A pilot study

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