Predicting sugar maple (<i>Acer</i> <i>saccharum</i>) discoloured wood characteristics

Baral, Sharad Kumar; Schneider, Robert; Pothier, David; Berninger, Frank

doi:10.1139/cjfr-2013-0017

Cited by 21 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Also, low levels of starch could be present and not evident in macroscopic view with reflected light. Still, that report [51] does highlight the role of the energy status of the living tree in determining the extent of DW. The choice of terminology becomes less critical as long as the definitions and their implications are clearly stated.…”

Section: Critical Differences Between Dw and Hwmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…in woody stems, roots, and branches of otherwise light-colored wood tend to reduce the value of sawn timber for high-value wood products. Consequently, there is substantial research that attempts to relate the frequency of occurrence of DW in forest stands and the volume of DW within individual trees to environmental factors of climate, soil composition, and drainage [48][49][50][51].…”

Section: Critical Differences Between Dw and Hwmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Deviating from both traditional terminology as well as that of Shigo and Hillis [19], Baral et al [51] differentiated SW and putative HW in sugar maple on the colorization of stem disks from surface applications of iodine-potassium iodide (I 2 -KI) stain. The I 2 -KI colorizes in the presence of starch and the intensity of the color change is a qualitative indicator of stored metabolic energy.…”

Section: Critical Differences Between Dw and Hwmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Compartmentalization, Resource Allocation, and Wood Quality

Smith

2015

Curr Forestry Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The concept of a trade-off of tree resources between growth and defense is readily grasped. The most detailed development of the concept is for the growth-differentiation balance hypothesis that predicts that resources for normal growth and primary metabolism are diverted to support plant defense and secondary or stress metabolism. This hypothesis has been applied to the biosynthetic cost of stress metabolites that protect wood and foliage from herbivory. This review suggests that the trade-offs of primary to stress metabolism is an ongoing theme throughout the evolution of land plants. This review extends the concept of the growth/defense trade-off to processes of apoptosis in the constitutive development of tracheary elements and heartwood as well as to the induced boundary-setting processes of compartmentalization of decay in living trees. For wood utilization, the confusion of heartwood with wound-initiated discoloration continues to obscure the sources of value loss, particularly for high-value hardwood lumber. Examples are drawn from the anatomical effects of tree injury from fire, storms, and vascular wilt disease.

show abstract

Section: Critical Differences Between Dw and Hwmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Critical Differences Between Dw and Hwmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Critical Differences Between Dw and Hwmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Compartmentalization, Resource Allocation, and Wood Quality

Smith

2015

Curr Forestry Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the current study, the decreasing value of large standing trees of the highest quality grades indicates that a decline in quality can occur even in the absence of external signs of degradation (Shigo 1984). The larger trees in a stand are likely to have progressively accumulated internal defects over time, such as heartwood discoloration, resulting in loss of quality (Erickson et al 1992;Baral et al 2013). This suggests that diameter thresholds could be included in tree marking criteria to avoid financial losses due to this potential degradation.…”

Section: Fig 3 Predicted Val (Us$·m −3 ) In Relation To Quality Clamentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrating standing value estimations into tree marking guidelines to meet wood supply objectives

et al. 2014

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The identification of low-vigor trees with potential for sawlog production is a key objective of tree marking guidelines used for partial cuts in northern hardwoods. The aim of this study was to measure the impact of various vigor-related defects on the monetary value of hardwoods. To achieve this, we sampled 64 sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall) and 32 yellow birch (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) trees from two locations in southern Quebec, Canada. We identified over 420 defects, which were grouped into 8 categories. The trees were then harvested and processed into lumber, and the value per unit volume of each stem was calculated from the value of the product assortment (lumber, chips, and sawdust). We found that visible evidence of fungal infections (sporocarps and (or) stroma) and cracks had the largest negative influence on value in both species. A model that included these defects was almost as good at predicting value as one that included a specifically designed quality classification. A more accurate assessment of value could be achieved using wood decay assessment tools and (or) by considering site-specific variables. Results from this study showed that visual identification of fungal infections and cracks could be used to enhance tree marking guidelines for hardwoods. This would meet both the silvicultural objective of selection cuts, by removing low-vigor trees, and the wood supply objective, by improving stem quality assessment prior to harvest.Résumé : L'identification des arbres moribonds qui ont un potentiel pour la production de billes de sciage est un objectif clé des directives de martelage lors de coupes partielles dans les peuplements de feuillus nordiques. Cette étude avait pour but de mesurer l'impact de divers défauts reliés à la vigueur sur la valeur monétaire des feuillus. À cette fin, nous avons échantillonné 64 érables à sucre (Acer saccharum Marshall) et 32 bouleaux jaunes (Betula alleghaniensis Britton) à deux endroits dans le sud du Québec, au Canada. Nous avons identifié plus de 420 défauts que nous avons regroupés en huit catégories. Ces arbres ont ensuite été récoltés et transformés en sciage et la valeur par unité de volume de chaque tige a été calculée à partir de la valeur de l'assortiment de produits (sciages, copeaux et sciures). Nous avons constaté que les signes visibles d'infection fongique (sporocarpes ou stroma) et les fentes avaient la plus grande influence négative sur la valeur des deux espèces. Un modèle qui incluait ces défauts était presque aussi bon pour prédire la valeur qu'un modèle basé sur un système de classes de qualité spécifiquement conçu. On pouvait obtenir une évaluation plus précise de la qualité en utilisant des outils pour évaluer la carie du bois ou en tenant compte de variables propres au site. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que l'identification visuelle des infections fongiques et des fentes peut être utilisée pour améliorer les directives de martelage chez les feuillus. Cela devrait satisfaire tant les objectifs sylvicoles des coupes de j...

show abstract

“…If the pathogens entering through an injury overcome the strongest anatomical and biochemical barriers of the sapwood, a massive longitudinal spread of discolouration and decay can affect the dehydrated zone. The presence of discoloured wood in the middle of a stem, initiated by an injury, reduces the ratio of white coloured wood and thus lowers its commercial value (Baral et al 2013). Apart from terms such as "discoloured wood" and "decay wood" (Shigo & Hillis 1973), the terms "red heartwood", "wound heart- wood", "splash heartwood" and "abnormal heartwood" (Sachsse 1991) are frequently used to describe this phenomenon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can bark stripping cause red heartwood formation in beech stems?

Račko¹,

Mišíková²,

Hlaváč³

et al. 2018

iForest

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Injuries to standing trees caused by logging and the subsequent changes in biochemical composition and anatomy of affected tissues lead to wood quality loss, thus lowering the commercial value of roundwood. In this study, we investigated the influence of various factors that could help mitigate or prevent the spread of infections in the stem caused by injuries. A total of 112 beech logs (tree age: 42-143 years) from ten forest stands at three different sites in central Slovakia were examined, and the extent of discolouration and decay zones in each stem was measured, along with cambial age, stem diameter, injury width, and injury closure period. The results showed that the width of physiologically active wet sapwood and the width of the inactive dehydrated zone in the stem are important factors influencing red heartwood formation. We found no significant differences in the extent of discolouration and decay among different stands and sites. Stem diameter and injury width did significantly affect the penetration of infection through sapwood, and red heartwood formation was significantly affected by cambial age and injury width, while stand age, site slope, beech proportion in the stand and injury closure did not show any significant effect. Binary logistic models were applied to assess the probability of pathogen penetration through sapwood into the stem dehydrated zone as a function of injury width and stem diameter, as well as the probability that this could lead to red heartwood formation based on injury width and cambial age of beech stems.

show abstract

Predicting sugar maple (Acer saccharum) discoloured wood characteristics

Cited by 21 publications

References 32 publications

Compartmentalization, Resource Allocation, and Wood Quality

Compartmentalization, Resource Allocation, and Wood Quality

Integrating standing value estimations into tree marking guidelines to meet wood supply objectives

Can bark stripping cause red heartwood formation in beech stems?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About