The PREDICTS project—Projecting Responses of Ecological Diversity In Changing Terrestrial Systems (www.predicts.org.uk)—has collated from published studies a large, reasonably representative database of comparable samples of biodiversity from multiple sites that differ in the nature or intensity of human impacts relating to land use. We have used this evidence base to develop global and regional statistical models of how local biodiversity responds to these measures. We describe and make freely available this 2016 release of the database, containing more than 3.2 million records sampled at over 26,000 locations and representing over 47,000 species. We outline how the database can help in answering a range of questions in ecology and conservation biology. To our knowledge, this is the largest and most geographically and taxonomically representative database of spatial comparisons of biodiversity that has been collated to date; it will be useful to researchers and international efforts wishing to model and understand the global status of biodiversity.
The presence of wound (strain) initiated discoloured wood columns in the core of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marshall) stems reduces the proportion of white-coloured wood and, thus, lowers its commercial value. This study aimed to assess the relationship between tree characteristics and the extent and proportion of discoloured wood in sugar maple tree stems. Using 109 trees from three different sites in southern Quebec, we found that the proportion of discoloured wood increased with decreasing sapwood volume and increasing tree age. Younger trees showed a significantly lower proportion of discoloured wood volume. Discoloured wood volume increases disproportionately with tree diameter, while varying among sites. The third important factor affecting the amount of discolored wood was tree vigour as measured by crown characteristics and growth rate changes. A nonlinear mixed-effects model was used to predict discoloured wood taper. Height along the stem was used as a predictor, along with diameter at 1.3 m (DBH), the ratio of live crown length to tree height, and tree height. Although observed injury surface area was positively correlated to discoloured wood volume, injury information did not explain a large share of discoloured wood proportion variation. Overall, older and larger trees with many injuries on less productive sites are likely to have more discoloured wood.Résumé : La présence dans le bois de coeur des tiges d'érable à sucre (Acer saccharum Marshall) de colonnes de bois coloré dont la formation est reliée à des blessures (stresses) réduit la proportion de bois clair et diminue par conséquent la valeur commerciale du bois. Cette étude visait à évaluer la relation entre les caractéristiques des arbres et l'étendue et la proportion de bois coloré dans les tiges d'érable à sucre. À l'aide de 109 arbres provenant de trois endroits différents dans le sud du Québec, nous avons trouvé que la proportion de bois coloré augmente avec la diminution du volume de bois d'aubier et l'augmentation de l'âge des arbres. La proportion du volume total occupée par le volume de bois coloré est significativement plus faible chez les arbres plus jeunes. Le volume de bois coloré augmente de façon disproportionnée avec le diamètre des arbres et varie selon la station. Le troisième facteur en importance à influencer la quantité de bois coloré est la vigueur des arbres mesurée au moyen des caractéristiques de la cime et des variations du taux de croissance. Un modèle non linéaire à effets mixtes a été utilisé pour prédire le défilement du bois coloré. La hauteur le long de la tige a été utilisée comme prédicteur, accompagnée du diamètre à 1,3 m (DHP), du rapport entre la longueur de cime vivante et la hauteur de l'arbre, ainsi que de la hauteur de l'arbre. Bien que la superficie observée des blessures soit positivement corrélée avec le volume de bois coloré, les caractéristiques des blessures n'expliquaient pas une grande part de la variation de la proportion de bois coloré. Globalement, les arbres plus vieux et plus gros qui ont p...
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