Predicting the vaporization rate of a spreading cryogenic liquid pool on concrete using an improved 1-D heat conduction equation

Dong, Jia; Jing, Chenrui; Wen, Hao; Tu, Min; Li, Jiajun

doi:10.1007/s00231-021-03018-9

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 16 publications

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“…The oil and gas industry is one of the global economy's leading and most challenging branches, and is of critical importance [1]. In most cases, energy economy assets and facilities (buildings, structures and equipment) are deemed higher hazard sources as such process facilities imply handling and storing considerable volumes of combustible and explosive substances, and non-compliance with the relevant safety rules may entail fire, explosion and/or spillage [2][3][4][5][6]. The major and most severe incidents at Piper Alpha, the North Sea, (6 July 1988) and Deepwater Horizon (20 April 2010) proved that the standards adopted in the oil production industry should be improved [7,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fire Protection of Steel Structures with Epoxy Coatings under Cryogenic Exposure

2021

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Cases of fire with highly flammable, combustible liquids and combustible gases with high potential heat emission at oil and gas facilities are assumed to develop as a hydrocarbon fire, which is characterized by the temperature rising rapidly up to 1093 ± 56 °C within five minutes from the test start and staying within the same range throughout the test, as well as by overpressure being generated. Although various fireproof coating systems are commonly used to protect steel structures from high temperatures, a combination of fire protection and cryogenic spillage protection, i.e., protection from liquefied natural gas (LNG), is rather an international practice novelty regulated by standards ISO 20088. Thanks to their outstanding features, i.e., ability to sustain chemical and climatic impact, these epoxy-based materials are able to ensure positive fireproof performance for steel structures in the case of potential cryogenic impact. The article discusses tests on steel structures coated with epoxy fireproof compounds, specifically PREGRAD-EP, OGRAX-SKE and Chartek 2218. The test records show the time from the start of cryogenic exposure to the said sample reaching the limit state, as well as the time from the start of heat impact to the sample reaching the limit state in case of hydrocarbon fire temperature.

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