“…Modeling evolution using the DFE and the JDFE is justified by the fact that there are usually many mutations that can improve the fitness of an organism in the home environment. These adaptive mutations affect a variety of genetic targets (Lang et al, 2013;Tenaillon et al, 2012;Kryazhimskiy et al, 2014;Venkataram et al, 2016;Good et al, 2017;Blundell et al, 2019) and provide fitness benefits of various magnitudes (Rees and Bataillon, 2006;MacLean and Buckling, 2009;Khan et al, 2011;Chou et al, 2011;Levy et al, 2015;Venkataram et al, 2016) via diverse physiological mechanisms (Travisano and Lenski, 1996;Jerison et al, 2020;Pinheiro et al, 2020;Kinsler et al, 2020). As a consequence, different mutations also have diverse pleiotropic effects on fitness in non-home environments (Lenski, 1988;Ostrowski et al, 2005;Qian et al, 2012;Hietpas et al, 2013;Rodríguez-Verdugo et al, 2014;Jerison et al, 2020;Kinsler et al, 2020;Card et al, 2020).…”