“…By using this method, the concrete mix design can be accurately predicted at low cost, with low carbon emissions, and while still meeting the required compressive strength criteria [82]. Less than 5% relative error is observed between experimental and predicted optimized values [86].…”
Delays in construction are a widespread global problem, leading to potential cost overruns and legal disputes. Additionally, delays can result in a decline in construction quality and loss of public trust. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of project delays in various regions and the preventive role of optimizing concrete works. Literature review and bibliometric analysis are carried out to determine global research trends. Findings show that optimizing concrete works can provide benefits such as cost savings, time savings, improved quality and safety, and environmental benefits. Optimization of concrete material composition is one of the most examined topics in this field. Based on the findings, construction firms have the potential to attain cost efficiencies while concurrently mitigating carbon emissions.
“…By using this method, the concrete mix design can be accurately predicted at low cost, with low carbon emissions, and while still meeting the required compressive strength criteria [82]. Less than 5% relative error is observed between experimental and predicted optimized values [86].…”
Delays in construction are a widespread global problem, leading to potential cost overruns and legal disputes. Additionally, delays can result in a decline in construction quality and loss of public trust. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of project delays in various regions and the preventive role of optimizing concrete works. Literature review and bibliometric analysis are carried out to determine global research trends. Findings show that optimizing concrete works can provide benefits such as cost savings, time savings, improved quality and safety, and environmental benefits. Optimization of concrete material composition is one of the most examined topics in this field. Based on the findings, construction firms have the potential to attain cost efficiencies while concurrently mitigating carbon emissions.
“…The utilization of fly ash and quarry dust up to 30% each into high-strength concrete has proved feasible and beneficial in terms of mechanical performance, which has created trust for the construction [10]. The laboratory results of partial replacement of Crushed Stone Dust (CSD) as fine aggregate and Nylon Fiber (NF) as reinforcing material reveal that both compressive and splitting tensile strength increase with increased NF, but with the rise in CSD percentages beyond a certain level, the strength of concrete starts decreasing; however, fresh density and workability of the concrete show a declining trend with the rise in both CSD and NF levels [11]. The 90-day compressive strength of geopolymer concrete has been found to be decreased by the partial replacement of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) with conventional coarse aggregate, and even at 40% RCA level, the compressive strength was found to be quite sufficient for most of the structural applications [12].…”
Concrete is the most dynamic engineering material in construction due to its durability and strength properties, which have been used in almost all types of physical infrastructure construction. Crushed stone dust is a supplementary material that can be utilized to produce sustainable concrete. The concept of replacing natural fine aggregate in concrete production with stone dust (SD) could enhance the consumption of stone dust produced during aggregate production as well as reduce the requirement for landfill area for stone dust management. The study aims to compare the compressive strength of nominal mixed M20 and M25-grade concrete by replacing fine aggregates with stone dust. The results reveal that compressive strength increases with an increase in stone dust, but the rise in SD percentages beyond a certain level has a negative impact on the strength of concrete. However, fresh density has a similar trend of compressive strength, and the workability of concrete shows a declining trend with a rise in SD levels. From the results of the experimental investigations conducted, it is concluded that the SD can be used as a replacement for fine aggregate. It is found that 40% replacement of fine aggregate by SD gives a maximum compressive strength than normal M20 and M25 grade concrete, which starts decreasing beyond 40% replacement. The compressive strength of the concrete has been quantified by replacing sand with varying percentages of stone dust and found that it does not satisfy the specification except for 40% replacement for M20 grade concrete, though it can be used for low and medium strength concrete production. The cost savings for M20 and M25-grade concrete at 40% sand replacement are 8.23% and 7.62%, respectively.
“…The reliability index was introduced because its value is easier for people to compare than the probability of failure, which in the case of civil engineering is very low. There are numerous methods that are used to estimate the reliability index, including approximation methods (FORM, SORM) [2][3][4], simulation methods (Monte Carlo, Subset Simulation) [5][6][7], Stochastic Finite Element Method (SFEM) [8][9][10], Response Surface Method [11][12][13] or Artificial Neural Networks [14][15][16]. The biggest problem with most of mentioned method is that they are appropriate for analysis of individual limit state functions.…”
The proposed paper focuses on the method of estimating the reliability
index β (as a safety measure) of the spatial steel truss under fire
conditions. The whole procedure connected with computation of
temperatures of elements, effects of actions and bearing capacities is
realised in author-designed C++ code, prepared according to Eurocode.
The probabilistic model includes mechanical properties of steel (yield
strength), geometrical characteristics of bar cross-sections and effect
of actions. In the next step, the stiffness matrix spectral analysis is
realized. The code prepared by the author is being developed to be
useful for spatial structures. The program realization leads to finding
so called cut-sets, i.e. possible ways of transforming the structure
into mechanism. These sets of elements create a logical model, which
will be introduced to the SYSREL module, which is part of STRUREL
program. This is the software that was created in Munich University of
Technology to solve reliability problems. SYSREL module is dedicated to
conduct system reliability analysis connected with different reliability
methods including, among others, the FORM,SORM, Monte Carlo and Subset
Simulation method.
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