Prediction of coal ash fusibility based on metal ionic potential concentration

Correlation between the Flow Temperature and Mineral Factor for Coal Ashes Based on FactSage Calculation

“…A high ionic potential element with high tendency combined with oxygen can generate high MP silicate and alumino-silicate stable networks and results in an increase in AFT, while the low ionic potential element can convert a bridge–oxygen bond into a no bridge–oxygen bond and result in AFT decrease . Recently, several correlations to predict the AFTs according to the ionic potential have been explored. ,, Li et al presented a predicting model between FT and its average mole ionic potentials of Mg 2+ , Fe 2+ , Ca 2+ , and Al 3+ ( I normala normalv normale normalr normalg normale = normalΣ M i I i normalΣ M i , where M i stands for the each ionic mole fraction and I i stands for the ionic potential of each ion). Xiao et al added the ionic potentials of K + , Na + , Ti 4+ , and Mg 2+ and obtained the correlation model between the FT and its C MP ( C normalM normalP = normalΣ w i I i n i r i normalΣ normalw normali n i , where w i is the mass fraction of the corresponding metal oxide after normalization, n i is the relative molecular mass of the corresponding metal oxide, z i is the charge number, and r i is the ionic radius of the corresponding metal oxide) normalF normalT = 509.12 + 17.98 I normala normalv normale normalr normala normalg normale …”

“…29 Recently, several correlations to predict the AFTs according to the ionic potential have been explored. 14,15,30…”

“…The furnace types and ash cone preparation using an AFT measurement are generally according to a certain standard; thus, the influences on the AFT are less and can be neglected. Some predicted correlations between coal AFT and its oxide compositions, , even-mole ionic potential, and metal ionic potential concentration have been found recently . The accuracy of these correlations is relatively less because the AFT at a given condition is determined by mineral species and its content. , However, determination of the mineral composition of ash at a certain condition is complex and time-consuming.…”

Performance of minerals and crystallization properties of synthetic slags with various CaO/MgO in slagging gasifiers

“…Although Mg and Ca are both alkali earth metal elements with similar physical and chemical properties, their influence on the melting characteristics of coal ash was not entirely consistent likely due to their different ionic potential. 31 It can be seen from Table 2 that the influence of Mg and Ca on the AFTs of synthetic slags is different, and the FT is relatively higher when the synthetic slags have high Ca or Mg content.…”

Effect of Atmospheres on Transformation of Heavy Metals during Thermal Treatment of MSWI Fly Ash: By Thermodynamic Equilibrium Calculation

“…Conventional analysis techniques are unavailable for determination of the mode of the occurrence of heavy metals in the solid, liquid, and gaseous phases during thermal treatment due to their extremely low concentration in each portion, limiting the discovery of the vaporization mechanism of heavy metals. The thermodynamic equilibrium calculation is considered a powerful approach to describe the migration and transformation of heavy metals under different treatment conditions, such as reaction temperatures and atmospheres [ 24 , 25 ]. The vaporization behavior of heavy metals in MSWI fly ash during thermal treatment in various atmospheric conditions (air, inert, and reducing atmospheres) was evaluated using thermodynamic equilibrium calculations in this study.…”