Prediction of emulsion drop size distributions with population balance equation models of multiple drop breakage

Raikar, Neha B.; Bhatia, Surita R.; Malone, Michael F.; McClements, David Julian; Almeida-Rivera, Cristhian; Bongers, Peter; Henson, Michael A.

doi:10.1016/j.colsurfa.2010.03.020

Cited by 51 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Population balance equation (PBE) models have been successfully used to predict size distributions for other particulate processing devices including liquid-liquid dispersers (Alopaeus et al, 1999(Alopaeus et al, , 2002(Alopaeus et al, , 2003Coulaloglou and Tavlarides, 1977;Kostoglou and Karabelas, 2001;Sovova, 1981;Sovova and Prochazka, 1981), liquid-liquid extractors (Ruiz et al, 2002;Ruiz and Padilla, 2004;Simon et al, 2003), and high pressure homogenizers (Hakansson et al, 2009a,b). We have developed a series of increasingly sophisticated PBE models for high pressure homogenizers that account for both breakage and coalescence (Raikar et al, 2009(Raikar et al, , 2010. Perhaps due to the focus on homogenization, very few PBE models have been presented for colloid mills despite their industrial significance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of emulsion drop size distributions in colloid mills

Maindarkar

Dubbelboer

Meuldijk

et al. 2014

Chemical Engineering Science

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Developed a population balance equation model for emulsification in colloid mill. Derived the function for drop breakage frequency in simple shear flow. Proposed a new daughter drop distribution function for capillary drop breakage. Used a viscosity model to predict the emulsion viscosity at high shear rates. Demonstrated good agreement between measured and predicted drop size distributions. Colloid mills are the most common emulsification devices used in industry for products with high oil content. Drop breakage occurs when the emulsion is flowed through a small gap between rotor and stator under laminar shear conditions. In this paper, we have developed the first full population balance equation (PBE) model for colloid mills and used the model to better understand the relevant drop breakage mechanisms. The PBE model accounted for both drop breakage and coalescence and generated predictions of the drop size distribution after each pass of the emulsion through the colloid mill. Drops were assumed to break due to capillary instability with the distribution of drop sizes resulting from each breakage event studied in detail. A viscosity model was developed to predict the emulsion viscosity as function of the oil fraction and the high shear rates commonly used. Nonlinear optimization was used to estimate adjustable parameters in the breakage and coalescence functions to minimize the least-squares difference between predicted and measured drop size distributions for high oil-to-surfactant emulsions. We concluded that experimentally observed drop volume distributions could not be predicted with daughter drop distribution functions reported in the literature. Improved predictions were obtained using a new bimodal distribution function which captured drop breakage into multiple, nearly uniform daughter drops with a large number of small satellite drops. We also investigated model extensibility for changes in the oil fraction, emulsion flow rate and rotor speed.Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prediction of emulsion drop size distributions in colloid mills

Maindarkar

Dubbelboer

Meuldijk

et al. 2014

Chemical Engineering Science

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“…The model from Raikar et al (2010), for example, also included a droplet breakage rate for the turbulent viscous regime and excluded the coalescence rate. In the breakage rate for turbulent inertial breakup the damping of turbulent energy dissipation in the breakup frequency was neglected, nonetheless parameter K 1 is extremely small in comparison with all others.…”

Section: Discussion On the Fit Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…7 for four different pressures and one pass through the homogenizer valve. Considerable improvements were observed when comparing the model predictions of the first pass with the results of the work of Raikar et al (2009Raikar et al ( , 2010Raikar et al ( , 2011 or Becker et al (2013). Note that Maindarkar et al (2012) obtained reasonable objective function values for the different pressures, but the fit parameters were recalculated for each pressure drop and two extra fit parameters were used.…”

Section: Prediction Of Droplet Size Distributions For Single Pass Promentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the last decade, many researchers have tried to simulate the emulsification process inside the homogenizer valve, each using a different approach. For example, population balance equations (PBE) were developed to track the change of the droplet size distribution inside a homogenizer (Håkansson et al, 2009;Maindarkar et al, 2012;Raikar et al, 2009Raikar et al, , 2010Raikar et al, , 2011. The PBE models described the breakage and coalescence of droplets and the adsorption of emulsifier molecules (Håkansson et al, 2013b;Maindarkar et al, 2013).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Population balances combined with Computational Fluid Dynamics: A modeling approach for dispersive mixing in a high pressure homogenizer

Dubbelboer

Janssen

Hoogland

et al. 2014

Chemical Engineering Science

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“…Contrary to the combination of CFD with a moments‐of‐distribution approach, population balance modelling (PBM) considers the evolution of the DSD in detail, while it typically simplifies the flow characteristics to a single representative value for the shear rate or turbulent energy dissipation rate in the “intense flow zone” of the equipment. The evolution of the full DSD is calculated with detailed break‐up and coalescence kernels . The effect of the dispersed phase on the overall rheology can be accounted for via a “mean field” approach, that is rather than using the viscosity of the pure continuous phase a correlation for the emulsion viscosity is used in the equations for droplet break‐up and in the hydrodynamic force that drives droplet collisions.…”

Section: Population Balance Modellingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling strategies for emulsification in industrial practice

Janssen

Hoogland

2013

Can J Chem Eng

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Emulsification modelling has received quite some attention in academic literature. Given the importance of modelling for process optimisation and scale-up, it is a relevant question to what extent this work is used in industrial practice. In this paper we address this question based on Unilever experience, mainly for food and personal care emulsions. These products often have a high droplet fraction and/or a non-Newtonian rheology, and the geometry of the emulsification equipment is often complex. This limits the use of advanced methods like multiphase computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Most of the practical work is still based on semi-empirical models.

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Prediction of emulsion drop size distributions with population balance equation models of multiple drop breakage

Cited by 51 publications

References 26 publications

Prediction of emulsion drop size distributions in colloid mills

Prediction of emulsion drop size distributions in colloid mills

Population balances combined with Computational Fluid Dynamics: A modeling approach for dispersive mixing in a high pressure homogenizer

Modelling strategies for emulsification in industrial practice

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