Prediction of energy expenditure: simplified FAO/WHO/UNU factorial method vs continuous respirometry and habitual energy intake

Abstract

This study assessed a simple factorial method to predict energy expenditure (EE) in confined and free-living subjects. Thirteen subjects (seven male, 6 female) were studied on four occasions each. Measurements included BMR, 24-h EE by continuous respirometry, 4-d records of intake and activities, body weight, and urine collections. Agreement between measured and predicted 24-h EE was within +/- 2% for group results and +/- 10% for most individuals. Individual agreement was improved to within +/- 5% by using measured rather than predicted BMR. Habitual energy intake was 7.3% greater (p less than 0.05) than predicted EE in males and 5.1% less (NS) in females. Validatory data suggested overrecording of intake in males and underrecording in females. Large individual differences between habitual intake and predicted EE were observed but were significantly (p less than 0.01) correlated with both weight change and protein balance. Our simple factorial method provided acceptable estimates of EE in the subjects studied.

The validity of predicting the basal metabolic rate of young Australian men and women

“…Our results are consistent with previous reports from Australia (Warwick et al 1988), from the Indian sub-continent (Soares & Shetty, 1988;Piers et al, 1993;Soares et al, 1993), other tropical locations (Henry & Rees, 1988), the Americas (Owen et al, 1987;Clark & Hoffer, 1991;Valencia et al, 1993Piers & Shetty, 1993Soares et al, 1993 andEurope (de Boer et al, 1988). There are several factors that are thought to be responsible for this inaccuracy in predicting BMR.…”

Activity Diary Method for Predicting Energy Expenditure as Evaluated by a Whole-Body Indirect Human Calorimeter

“…For example, one study uses a formatted sheet that requires subjects to record the major physical activity by themselves every 15 min during a 24h period. Another study uses a form of AD that asks subjects to record their activities minute by minute, i.e., the time at the beginning of each type of physical activity, Only a limited number of reports have examined the validity of the AD in estimat ing TEE using the whole-body indirecttttthuman calorim eter (IHC) (9,10), and the accuracy of these methods remains unknown.…”

Factorial estimation of daily energy expenditure using a simplified method was improved by adjustment for excess post-exercise oxygen consumption and thermic effect of food

“…BMR was measured using a ventilated hood as described previously (Warwick and Baines, 1996). FEE was calculated from the time spent in each activity category and its energy cost, as described previously (Warwick, 1989), except that the energy cost of the first on-foot category (F1 in Table 1) was increased from 2.0 to 2.5 because subjects had difficulty in differentiating between F1 and F2 activities and because good agreement between FEE and 24 h EE in a respiration chamber was obtained using the value of 2.5 (Warwick et al, 1988;Warwick and Busby, 1993). The energy costs in Table 1 are compatible with those listed by IOM (2002) and FAO/WHO/UNU (2004).…”