Prediction of exact delivery time in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes at admission by amniotic fluid interleukin‐8 level and preterm labor index

Shiozaki

et al. 2016

American J Rep Immunol

Self Cite

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Therapy Increases the Risk of Preterm Birth in Preterm Labor without Intra‐Amniotic Microbes, but may Prolong the Gestation Period in Preterm Labor with Microbes, Evaluated by Rapid and High‐Sensitive PCR System

Shiozaki

et al. 2016

American J Rep Immunol

Self Cite

“…Preterm labor was defined by the presence of regular uterine contractions (6 hour or more), cervical changes of more than 50% effaced, and dilatation of the cervix or shortening of the cervical length to less than 25 mm before 37 completed weeks of gestation. The severity of PTL was evaluated by the PTL index (PLI), which we previously reported as a clinical marker for PTL …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sludge reflects intra‐amniotic inflammation with or without microorganisms

Niimi

et al. 2017

American J Rep Immunol

Self Cite

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

“…These inflammatory cytokines could activate decidual immune cells, and PGE 2 induces uterine contractions. High levels of serum and amniotic fluid inflammatory mediators were associated with APO, especially PTB . A systematic review reported a positive association between APO and inflammatory mediator levels in gingival crevicular fluid, which is an inflammatory exudate from the gingival margin or within the gingival crevice .…”

Section: Inflammatory Mediators Produced By Gingival Submucosamentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes

Komine‐Aizawa

Aizawa

Hayakawa

2018

111

From last decade of the 20th century, numerous epidemiological studies and intervention trials have attempted to prove the relationships between maternal periodontal diseases and adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO). Periodontal diseases are considered a risk factor for APO, including preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, low birthweight, pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes. However, the efficacy of periodontal treatment during pregnancy is controversial. Two pathogenic mechanisms might explain the potential effect of periodontal diseases on pregnancy outcomes. First, periodontal bacteria originating in the gingival biofilm directly affect the feto-placental unit subsequent to bacteremia. Second, inflammatory mediators secreted by the subgingival inflammatory site are carried to the feto-placental unit, where they then cause an inflammatory response. To elucidate these mechanisms, many researchers have been investigating the use of experimental animal models and in vitro models. In the present review, we summarize the current literature on the relationship between periodontal diseases and APO from epidemiological studies, animal models studies and in vitro studies, and speculate on the possible mechanism of periodontal diseases affecting pregnancy outcomes.